Multicultural Acculturation Scale (MAS)

a. Do not to use English at all.

b. Use English only when need to‚ to greet neighbors‚ buy groceries.

c. Use English with people who speak both Vietnamese and English.

d. Use English most of the time‚ except with elders‚ children‚ or those who speak only Vietnamese.

e. Use English almost all the time‚ even at home with family and friends who speak Vietnamese.

a. Do not to use Vietnamese at all.

b. Use Vietnamese only when need to‚ to greet acquaintances‚ shop in Vietnamese stores.

c. Use Vietnamese with people who speak both Vietnamese and English.

d. Use Vietnamese except at work or with those who speak only English.

e. Use Vietnamese almost all the time‚ even at home‚ at work‚ and with friends.

a. Not at all; do not eat Anglo-American foods.

b. Once a month; only on special occasions.

c. Eat Anglo-American foods about half the time; for breakfast and lunch‚ but not usually for dinner.

d. Usually eat Anglo-American foods except for special occasions or entertaining.

e. Eat Anglo-American foods for almost every meal and for most special occasions.

a. Not at all; do not eat Vietnamese foods.

b. Once a month; only on special occasions.

c. Eat Vietnamese foods about half the time‚ usually for dinner or have the time to prepare.

d. Usually eat Vietnamese foods except for American holidays or special occasions.

e. Eat Vietnamese foods for almost every meal and even for holidays most special occasions

a. Do not use Anglo-American ways of raising children. Children have many rules and duties and are closely supervised.

b. Children have more rules and less freedom than most Anglo-American children.

c. Children are allowed some independence but are more taught more respect than Americans.

d. Children have most of the same privileges and responsibility as their American friends.

e. Children have all the same privileges and rules as their American friends.

a. Do not use Vietnamese ways of raising children. Children are encouraged to be independent.

b. Do not follow most of the Vietnamese rules as they are very difficult to enforce.

c. Children follow some traditional rules but not others; choose only those which work.

d. Children are taught traditional rules and effort is made to enforce these.

e. Children are raised with traditional rules and are taught to obey and respect their elders.

a. Do not take part in Anglo-American sports‚ social events‚ or holidays.

b. Take part in a few activities like American holidays or special events.

c. Take part in some Anglo-American activities on a regular basis.

d. Take part in many forms of Anglo-American entertainment and recreation.

e. Take part in all forms of Anglo-American activities at home and in the community.

a. Do not take part in Vietnamese events‚ celebrations‚ or games.

b. Take part in a few activities‚ like Vietnamese holidays or special events.

c. Take part in some Vietnamese activities on a regular basis‚ like shows‚ martial arts‚ parties.

d. Take part in many forms of Vietnamese entertainment and recreation.

e. Take part in all types of Vietnamese entertainment and recreation at home and in the community.

a. None are Anglo-American

b. A few are Anglo-American

c. Half are Anglo-American

d. Most are Anglo-American

e. Almost all are Anglo-American

a. None are of Vietnamese origin

b. A few are of Vietnamese origin

c. Half are of Vietnamese origin

d. Most are of Vietnamese origin

e. Almost all are of Vietnamese origin

a. None are Anglo-American

b. A few are Anglo-American

c. Half are Anglo-American

d. Most are Anglo-American

e. Almost all are Anglo-American

a. None are of Vietnamese origin

b. A few are of Vietnamese origin

c. Half are of Vietnamese origin

d. Most are of Vietnamese origin

e. Almost all are of Vietnamese origin

a. Not at all; have never studied.

b. A little; have never studied formally but I am aware of a few historical events.

c. Somewhat; know names of past presidents and major historical events.

d. Well; have studied history in classes.

e. Very well; have read and studied a lot.

a. Not at all; have never studied.

b. A little; have never studied formally but I am aware of a few historical events.

c. Somewhat; know names of past leaders and major historical events.

d. Well; have studied history in classes.

e. Very well; have read and studied a lot.

a. None

b. A few

c. Half

d. Most

e. Almost all

a. None

b. A few

c. Half

d. Most

e. Almost all

a. Have no close friends who are Anglo-Americans.

b. Have a very few Anglo-American friends whom I see a few times a year.

c. Have several close Anglo-American friends.

d. Have many close Anglo-American friends whom I see regularly for social events.

e. Almost all of my friends are Anglo-Americans.

a. Have no close friends who are of Vietnamese origin.

b. Have a very few Vietnamese friends whom I see a few times a year.

c. Have several close Vietnamese friends.

d. Have many close Vietnamese friends whom I see regularly for social events.

e. Almost all of my friends are of Vietnamese origin.

a. Not at all; did not eat Anglo-American foods.

b. Once a month; only on special occasions.

c. Ate Anglo-American foods about half the time; for breakfast and lunch but not usually for dinner.

d. Usually ate Anglo-American foods except for special occasions or entertaining.

e. Ate Anglo-American foods for almost every meal and for most special occasions.

a. Not at all; did not eat Vietnamese foods.

b. Once a month; only on special occasions.

c. Ate Vietnamese foods about half the time‚ usually for dinner or have the time to prepare.

d. Usually ate Vietnamese foods except for non-Vietnamese holidays or special occasions.

e. Ate Vietnamese foods for almost every meal and even for holidays most special occasions

a. Did not use Anglo-American ways of raising children. As a child‚ I had many rules and duties and was closely supervised.

b. As a child‚ I had more rules and less freedom than most Anglo-American children.

c. As a child‚ I was allowed some independence but was more taught more respect than Americans.

d. As a child I had most of the same privileges and responsibility as American children.

e. As a child‚ I had all the same privileges and rules as American children.

a. Did not use Vietnamese ways of raising children. As a child‚ I was encouraged to be independent and outspoken.

b. Did not follow most of the Vietnamese rules as most were very difficult to enforce.

c. As a child‚ I followed some traditional rules but not others; parents used only those that worked.

d. As a child‚ I was taught traditional rules and effort was made to enforce these.

e. As a child‚ I was raised with traditional rules and was taught to obey and respect my elders.

a. Our family did not take part in Anglo-American sports‚ social events‚ or holidays.

b. Our family took part in a few activities like American holidays or special events.

c. Our family took part in some Anglo-American activities on a regular basis.

d. Our family took part in many forms of Anglo-American entertainment and recreation.

e. Our family took part in all forms of Anglo-American activities at home and in the community.

a. Our family did not take part in Vietnamese events‚ celebrations‚ or games.

b. Our family took part in a few activities‚ like Vietnamese holidays or special events.

c. Our family took part in some Vietnamese activities on a regular basis‚ like shows‚ martial arts‚ parties.

d. Our family took part in many forms of Vietnamese entertainment and recreation.

e. Our family took part in all types of Vietnamese entertainment and recreation at home and in the community.

a. Not at all.

b. A little‚ only with American friends.

c. Sometimes but do not buy American records or tapes.

d. Frequently listen to American music.

e. Listen to and buy American music most of the time.

a. Not at all.

b. A little‚ only with Vietnamese friends.

c. Sometimes but do not buy Vietnamese records or tapes.

d. Frequently listen to Vietnamese music.

e. Listen to and purchase Vietnamese music most of the time.

a. Not at all.

b. A little‚ only with American friends.

c. Sometimes on TV‚ but usually do not go to American movies or rent videos.

d. Frequently watch American movies and videos.

e. Watch American movies and videos most of the time.

a. Not at all.

b. A little; only with Vietnamese friends.

c. Sometimes on TV but usually do not go to Vietnamese movies or rent videos.

d. Frequently watch Vietnamese movies and videos.

e. Watch Vietnamese movies and videos most of the time.

a. Not at all.

b. Once or twice year‚ usually when invited by American friends.

c. Occasionally‚ with both American and Vietnamese friends.

d. Regularly; make an effort to be informed about American cultural events.

e. Often; will go alone or will invite friends or help organize events.

a. Not at all.

b. Once or twice year‚ usually when invited by relatives or friends.

c. Occasionally‚ with both American and Vietnamese friends.

d. Regularly; make an effort to be informed about Vietnamese cultural events.

e. Often; will go alone or will invite friends or help organize events.

a. No difficulty.

b. A little difficulty.

c. Some difficulty.

d. Much difficulty.

e. Very much difficulty.

a. No difficulty.

b. A little difficulty.

c. Some difficulty.

d. Much difficulty.

e. Very much difficulty.

a. Not at all.

b. A little.

c. Somewhat.

d. Much.

e. Very much.

a. Not at all.

b. A little.

c. Somewhat.

d. Much.

e. Very much.

a. Not at all.

b. Once or twice year‚ usually with American friends for special events.

c. Occasionally‚ with both Americans and other Vietnamese.

d. Regularly‚ more than twice a month with friends or family.

e. Often; will go alone or will invite friends or help organize events.

a. Not at all.

b. Once or twice year‚ usually with Vietnamese friends or relatives for special events.

c. Occasionally‚ with both Americans and other Vietnamese.

d. Regularly‚ more than twice a month with friends or family.

e. Often; will go alone or will invite friends or help organize events.

a. Religious beliefs are very different from those of most Anglo-Americans.

b. Religious beliefs are somewhat different.

c. Some religious beliefs are similar but some are also very different.

d. Religious beliefs are somewhat similar.

e. Religious beliefs are very similar to those of most Anglo-Americans.

a. Religious beliefs are very different from those of most traditional Vietnamese.

b. Religious beliefs are somewhat different.

c. Some religious beliefs are similar but some are also very different.

d. Religious beliefs are somewhat similar.

e. Religious beliefs are very similar to those of most traditional Vietnamese.

a. Not at all.

b. A little.

c. Somewhat.

d. Much.

e. Very much.

a. Not at all.

b. A little.

c. Somewhat.

d. Much.

e. Very much.