Table of Contents
Abstract
The Coping Inventory for Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations (ICAP) is an instrument designed to assess the coping strategies utilized by physically and visually impaired athletes during sport competition. Its development, as described by Bertoldi et al. (2023), is rooted in the motivational coping theory (TMC) proposed by Skinner, Edge, Altman, & Sherwood (2003), Skinner & Wellborn (1994), and Zimmer-Gembeck & Skinner (2016). The initial version of the ICAP comprised 95 items, each aligned with a specific theoretical dimension of TMC. Through pilot testing with a sample of Brazilian Paralympic athletes aged 18 and above, the instrument was refined to a final version of 91 items. These items are distributed across twelve distinct dimensions: Self-Reliance, Support-Seeking, Problem-Solving, Information-Seeking, Accommodation, Negotiation, Delegation, Social Isolation, Helplessness, Escape, Submission, and Opposition. Preliminary findings have provided evidence for the content validity of the ICAP, with further psychometric property assessments currently underway.
Keywords
Accommodation, Coping Motivational Theory, Coping Strategies, Delegation, Escape, Helplessness, Information-Seeking, Negotiation, Opposition, Paralympic Athletes, Problem-Solving, Self-Reliance, Social Isolation, Sport Competition, Sports Psychology, Submission, Support-Seeking.
Authors
Bertoldi, Rafaela; da Silva, Mônia Aparecida; Ribeiro Bandeira, Paulo Felipe; Bandeira, Denise Ruschel; Mazo, Janice Zarpellon
Purpose
The primary purpose of the ICAP is to evaluate the coping strategies employed by physically and visually impaired athletes specifically in the context of sport competition.
Validity
Content Validity: The ICAP demonstrates content validity. During expert review, only four out of the total items analyzed did not meet the Content Validity Coefficient (CVC) criterion of ≥ 0.80, indicating strong content relevance for the majority of the items.
Reliability
No reliability data is available for the ICAP at this time.
Factor Analysis
No data is available regarding factor analysis for the ICAP.
Instrument
Test Type: Original Inventory/Questionnaire
Format: The ICAP can be administered in both electronic and paper formats.
Language Available: No data is Available.
Population Group: Human (Male and Female).
Age Group: Adulthood (18 years and older), including Young Adulthood (18-29 years) and Thirties (30-39 years).
Population Details: The initial pilot testing was conducted in Brazil with Paralympic Athletes aged 21-37 years.
Test Methodology: The development process involved Test Validity, specifically focusing on Content Validity.
Authors
Author ORCID Identifier:
Bertoldi, Rafaela: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-0131
Bandeira, Denise Ruschel: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9867-2718
Affiliation:
Bertoldi, Rafaela: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Human Movement Sciences Graduate Program
da Silva, Mônia Aparecida: Federal University of São João Del-Rei Graduate Program in Psychology
Ribeiro Bandeira, Paulo Felipe: Regional University of Cariri Department of Physical Education
Bandeira, Denise Ruschel: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Graduate Program in Psychology
Mazo, Janice Zarpellon: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Human Movement Sciences Graduate Program
Email Addresses:
Bertoldi, Rafaela: [email protected]
Correspondence Address:
Bertoldi, Rafaela: [email protected]
Permissions & Fee and Test Year
Permissions: Contact Corresponding Author
Fee: No fee is required for the use of this instrument.
Test Year: 2023
References
Bertoldi, R., da Silva, M. A., Ribeiro Bandeira, P. F., Bandeira, D. R., & Mazo, J. Z. (2023). Construction and content validity evidences of Coping Inventory for Brazilian Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 70(5), 885–898. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2021.1916894
Items of the Coping Inventory for Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations (ICAP)
The ICAP is a 91-item measure, with items grouped into the following factors and subscales:
Self-reliance
Support-seeking
Problem-solving
Information-seeking
Accommodation
Negotiation
Delegation
Social isolation
Helplessness
Escape
Submission
Opposition
Cite this article
Mohammed looti (2026). Coping Inventory for Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations (ICAP). PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Retrieved from https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/coping-inventory-for-paralympic-athletes-in-competition-situations-icap/
Mohammed looti. "Coping Inventory for Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations (ICAP)." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 5 Apr. 2026, https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/coping-inventory-for-paralympic-athletes-in-competition-situations-icap/.
Mohammed looti. "Coping Inventory for Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations (ICAP)." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 2026. https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/coping-inventory-for-paralympic-athletes-in-competition-situations-icap/.
Mohammed looti (2026) 'Coping Inventory for Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations (ICAP)', PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Available at: https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/coping-inventory-for-paralympic-athletes-in-competition-situations-icap/.
[1] Mohammed looti, "Coping Inventory for Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations (ICAP)," PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, vol. X, no. Y, ص Z-Z, April, 2026.
Mohammed looti. Coping Inventory for Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations (ICAP). PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. 2026;vol(issue):pages.