Attitudes and Perceptions Toward Drive-thru Community Pharmacy Services Questionnaire

Abstract

The Attitudes and Perceptions Toward Drive-thru Community Pharmacy Services (DTCPS) Survey (Ababneh, Ong, & Hussain, 2023) is a comprehensive inventory/questionnaire designed to evaluate public awareness, attitudes, and perceptions concerning drive-thru community pharmacy services in Malaysia, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The instrument, originally developed in English, underwent rigorous validation based on extensive literature reviews (Liew et al., 2020; Liana & Hasnah, 2015; Abu Hammour et al., 2019; Abu Fartha et al., 2017; Diri, 2020) and input from Malaysian community pharmacists. To ensure clarity and content validity, experienced lecturers at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) reviewed the questionnaire, leading to necessary revisions. A pilot test was subsequently conducted. The final measure consists of 49 items across three main sections. The first two sections gather socio-demographic information and assess public attitudes towards DTCPS using open-ended and multiple-choice questions. The third section explores perceptions, believed advantages, and believed disadvantages of DTCPS using a Likert scale. Data was collected from the general public in Malaysia, with an average completion time of 5-7 minutes. The instrument’s internal consistency has been reported.

Keywords

Attitudes Towards Drive-Thru Community Pharmacy Services; Believed Advantages and Disadvantages Towards Drive-Thru Community Pharmacy Services; COVID-19; Face Validity; Perceptions Towards Drive-Thru Community Pharmacy Services; Public Opinion; Client Attitudes; Community Services; Health Care Services; Public Opinion; Pharmacy; Treatment Process and Outcome Measures.

Authors

Ababneh, Bayan F.; Ong, Siew Chin; Hussain, Rabia

Purpose

This measure assesses positive awareness, attitudes, and perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services during COVID-19 in Malaysia among the public.

Validity

Face and Content validity were evaluated and confirmed by an expert panel.

Reliability

Internal consistency was assessed, with Cronbach’s alpha reported as 0.84.

Factor Analysis

No data is Available

Instrument

Test Type: Original

Format: Items are rated using multiple-choice and Likert-scale response options.

Language Available: English

Population Group: Human; Male; Female

Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs); Thirties (30-39 yrs); Middle Age (40-64 yrs)

Population Details: Location: Malaysia. Respondents: General Public.

Test Methodology: Test Validity; Content Validity; Test Reliability; Internal Consistency

Keywords

Attitudes Towards Drive-Thru Community Pharmacy Services; Believed Advantages and Disadvantages Towards Drive-Thru Community Pharmacy Services; COVID-19; Face Validity; Perceptions Towards Drive-Thru Community Pharmacy Services; Public Opinion; Client Attitudes; Community Services; Health Care Services; Public Opinion; Pharmacy; Treatment Process and Outcome Measures.

Authors

Author ORCID Identifier:

• Ababneh, Bayan F.: orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-5599

• Ong, Siew Chin: orcid.org/0000-0002-9750-9588

• Hussain, Rabia: orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-0855

Affiliation:

• Ababneh, Bayan F.: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seberang Perai School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy

• Ong, Siew Chin: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seberang Perai School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy

• Hussain, Rabia: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seberang Perai School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy

Email addresses:

• Ong, Siew Chin: [email protected]

• Hussain, Rabia: [email protected]

Correspondence Address:

• Ong, Siew Chin: [email protected]

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

Permissions: May use for Research/Teaching.
Commercial Use: No
Fee: No
Test Year: 2023
Web Site: creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en

References

Ababneh, B. F., Ong, S. C., & Hussain, R. (2023). Awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of drive-thru community pharmacy services among the general public in Malaysia during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 18(3), Article e0282991. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282991

Liew, Y. J., Lim, H. Y., Lim, Y. C., Liew, P. W., Leong, W. S., Tan, S. Y., & Lee, S. C. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19 during the MCO among the general public in Malaysia. Journal of Public Health and Clinical Pharmacy, 10(1), 1-10. No data is Available

Liana, L. K., & Hasnah, M. N. (2015). Patients’ perceptions on pharmacy services in Kuala Lumpur. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 30(1), 11-17. No data is Available

Abu Hammour, A. A., Al-Amer, R. M., Al-Jarrah, A. F., & Al-Hammouri, S. A. (2019). Perception and attitude of the public toward community pharmacy services in Jordan. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 10(2), 175-180. No data is Available

Abu Fartha, R., Al-Amer, R., & Al-Jarrah, A. (2017). Public awareness and perception toward the role of pharmacists in Jordan. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 25(2), 160-166. No data is Available

Diri, M. R. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on community pharmacy services. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(11), 1381-1386. No data is Available

Items of the Attitudes and Perceptions Toward Drive-thru Community Pharmacy Services (DTCPS) Survey

The Attitudes and Perceptions Toward Drive-thru Community Pharmacy Services (DTCPS) Survey includes 49 items. Of these, 38 items specifically measure attitudes towards DTCPS and perceptions towards DTCPS, while the remaining items gather demographic information.

Sections:

• Attitudes towards drive-thru community pharmacy services

• Perceptions towards drive-thru community pharmacy services

• Believed advantages and disadvantages towards drive-thru community pharmacy services.

Test Items Available: Yes
Test Location: 2023-55275-001, Table 3, Page 10; 2023-55275-001, Table 4, Page 11; 2023-55275-001, Table 2, Pages 8-9.

Attitudes towards Drive-thru Community Pharmacy Services

• Respondents could pick more than one answer (percentage summation≠ 100%).

Number of community pharmacies visited last month

• None

• One pharmacy

• Two pharmacies

• Three or more pharmacies

Reasons to visit the community pharmacy*

• Over-the-counter medications (OTC)

• For beauty products

• Prescribed medications

• Medical device

• Medical consultation

• Kid supply

• COVID-19 prevention supplies such as masks and hygiene products

• Others

Which category will benefit the most from drive-thru community pharmacy service?

• All population

• Women

• Geriatrics

• People with disabilities

Presence of a drive-thru community pharmacy at your city

• Yes

• No

• Don’t know

If yes, have you tried drive-thru community pharmacy services?

• Yes

• No

• Not applicable

If yes, how do you evaluate your experience with drive-thru community pharmacy services?

• Excellent

• Good

• Fair

• Poor

• Not applicable

If you are going to request an order at a community pharmacy using drive-thru service, what is your preferred method to do that order?

• Through a drive-thru window

• Through WhatsApp

• Over the phone

• Online through application

• Through email

If you are going to use a drive-thru service at a community pharmacy, what is your preferred method to get information about your medications (counselling)?*

• Briefly through the drive-thru window

• Printed brochure given with the order

• Written on WhatsApp

• Verbally over the phone

• Through a personal visit

• Through email

Where did you get information regarding drive-thru community pharmacy*

• Pharmacy staff

• Doctors

• Leaflets

• Television

• Internet

• Friends or Colleagues

• Don’t know

Are you supportive to establish drive-thru services at community pharmacies?

• Yes

• No

Perceptions towards drive-thru community pharmacy services

**: Reversed coded statements.

Perceptions towards drive-thru community pharmacy services as an impact of COVID-19 or even later on

• I believe the introduction of drive-thru service makes the community pharmacy services more efficient.

• I believe that drive-thru community pharmacy service is a friendly service provided by the pharmacy during COVID-19 time or even later on.

• I believe that drive-thru community pharmacy service may improve my satisfaction with the pharmacy profession.

• I am supportive of the introduction of drive-thru service to community pharmacy practice during COVID-19 time.

• I am supportive to create community pharmacies with drive-thru services all over Malaysia.

How do you feel the image of the community pharmacists will be affected by the introduction of drive-thru services?

• Community pharmacists will appear more concerned with making money than with the health of their patients. **

• Community pharmacists will have a good balance between the health of patients and the business side of their work.

• Community pharmacists will appear more concerned with the health of patients than with the business side of their work.

Differences between the drive-thru community pharmacy services and in-store drug refill services

• The prescription might be filled more quickly in drive-thru compared to in-store refill.

• Pharmacists might be less available to answer questions using drive-thru service compared to in-store refill. **

• Written information might be less supplied using drive-thru pharmacy service compared to in-store refill. **

• Pharmacists cannot explain important points about prescriptions while providing drive-thru service compared to that in-store refill. **

• Drive-thru service provides accessibility and convenience to customers more than the in-store service, especially during COVID-19 time.

• Unlike in-store service, drive-thru service is suitable only for refill prescriptions but not for new prescriptions. **

• Unlike in-store service, drive-thru service is suitable only for OTC but not for prescriptions medications. **