Attitudes Toward Surrogacy Questionnaire (ATSS)

Abstract

The Attitudes Toward Surrogacy Survey (ATSS) is an original, 14-item inventory/questionnaire designed to measure individual differences in attitudes toward surrogacy, specifically considering religious beliefs. Developed in Turkish by experts in Turkish language, health sciences, and statistics, the ATSS is grounded in extensive literature. After an initial expert analysis and pilot study, the final 14 items were selected. The questionnaire underwent rigorous Turkish-English and English-Turkish translations to ensure its common applicability across various countries. The ATSS was administered electronically to adults aged 18 to 81 years, belonging to diverse religious groups (Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, and atheism) across 11 countries: Turkey, India, Iran, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Madagascar, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Mexico, England, and Japan. The instrument demonstrated acceptable internal consistency in both the pilot and final versions.

Keywords

Adult Attitudes, Atheism, Attitudes toward Surrogacy, Bioethics, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Religion, Religious Beliefs, Reproductive Ethics.

Authors

Yıldız, Metin; Felix, Ezomo Ojeiru; Ademiju, Olugbenga; Noibi, Tajudeen Oluwafemi; Gomes, Roseline Florence; Tanimowo, Abraham; Muhammed Tayyeb, Muhammed; Khadka, Ram Bahadur; Rhino, Andrianirina; Yildiz, Rabia; Ramazanzadegan, Kiarash; Yildirim, Mehmet Salih; Solmaz, Ebru; Haylı, Çiğdem Müge; Şengan, Aylin

Purpose

The primary purpose of the Attitudes Toward Surrogacy Survey (ATSS) is to assess and quantify individuals’ attitudes toward surrogacy, specifically examining how these attitudes vary in relation to their religious affiliations and beliefs. The instrument aims to capture the influence of different religious perspectives on the acceptance or rejection of surrogacy practices.

Validity

No data is Available.

Reliability

Internal Consistency: The ATSS demonstrated good internal consistency. In the pilot study, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be above 0.70. For the final 14-item questionnaire, the Cronbach’s alpha was 0.73, indicating acceptable reliability.

Factor Analysis

No data is Available.

Instrument

Test Type

Original Inventory/Questionnaire

Format

The ATSS is a 14-item measure administered electronically. No data is Available regarding the specific format of the items (e.g., Likert scale, true/false).

Language Available

The ATSS is available in Turkish and English. The instrument underwent Turkish-English and English-Turkish translations to ensure its suitability for a multinational context.

Population Group

The ATSS is designed for human participants, including both males and females.

Age Group

The questionnaire is suitable for adults aged 18 years and older, encompassing young adulthood (18-29 yrs), thirties (30-39 yrs), middle age (40-64 yrs), and aged (65 yrs & older). The age range of respondents in the study was 18-81 years old.

Population Details

Location: The study involving the ATSS was conducted across 11 diverse countries: Turkey, India, Iran, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Madagascar, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Mexico, England, and Japan.

Respondents: The target respondents are adults belonging to various religious faiths, including Christians, Hindus, Buddhists, Muslims, and Atheists.

Test Methodology

The primary methodology employed for assessing the ATSS’s psychometric properties was the evaluation of its internal consistency, as indicated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients.

Keywords

Adult Attitudes, Atheism, Attitudes toward Surrogacy, Bioethics, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Religion, Religious Beliefs, Reproductive Ethics.

Authors

Yıldız, Metin

• Affiliation: Sakarya University, Department of Nursing

• Email Address: [email protected]

• Correspondence Address: [email protected]

Felix, Ezomo Ojeiru

• Affiliation: Tottori University, Department of Adaptation Physiology

• Email Address: [email protected]

Ademiju, Olugbenga

• Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-4911

• Affiliation: Anchor Care and Education

• Email Address: [email protected]

Noibi, Tajudeen Oluwafemi

• Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-4120

• Affiliation: Universidad Autonoma Ciudad Juárez

• Email Address: [email protected]

Gomes, Roseline Florence

• Affiliation: Jyoti Nivas College Autonomous, Department of Psychology

• Email Address: [email protected]

Tanimowo, Abraham

• Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4089-4729

• Affiliation: University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Institute of Child Health

• Email Address: [email protected]

Muhammed Tayyeb, Muhammed

• Affiliation: Bacha Khan Medical College BKMC, Medical Teaching Institution, Anaesthesiology

• Email Address: [email protected]

Khadka, Ram Bahadur

• Affiliation: Tribhuvan University, Faculty of Management

• Email Address: [email protected]

Rhino, Andrianirina

• Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8670-9648

• Affiliation: Catholic University of Madagascar, Management, Economy, Finance

• Email Address: [email protected]

Yildiz, Rabia

• Affiliation: Sakarya University, Faculty of Theology

• Email Address: [email protected]

Ramazanzadegan, Kiarash

• Affiliation: Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry

• Email Address: [email protected]

Yildirim, Mehmet Salih

• Affiliation: Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, School of Health Vocational School of Health Services

• Email Address: [email protected]

Solmaz, Ebru

• Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1962-8669

• Affiliation: Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Department of Midwifery

• Email Address: [email protected]

Haylı, Çiğdem Müge

• Affiliation: Hakkari University, Department of Nursing

• Email Address: [email protected]

Şengan, Aylin

• Affiliation: Sakarya University, Department of Midwifery

• Email Address: [email protected]

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

Permissions: To obtain permissions for using the Attitudes Toward Surrogacy Survey (ATSS), individuals are advised to directly contact the corresponding author, Metin Yıldız, at [email protected].

Fee: There is no fee associated with the use of the ATSS.

Test Year: The Attitudes Toward Surrogacy Survey (ATSS) was developed and initially published in 2023.

References

Yıldız, M., Felix, E. O., Ademiju, O., Noibi, T. O., Gomes, R. F., Tanimowo, A., Tayyeb, M., Khadka, R. B., Rhino, A., Yildiz, R., Ramazanzadegan, K., Yildirim, M. S., Solmaz, E., Haylı, Ç. M., & Şengan, A. (2023). Attitudes of different religions toward surrogacy: Analysis of 11 countries’ situation using machine learning approach and artificial neural networks. Journal of Religion and Health, 62(5), 3230–3251. doi:10.1007/s10943-023-01782-y

Items of the Attitude Toward Surrogacy Survey

The Attitudes Toward Surrogacy Survey (ATSS) consists of a final selection of 14 items. No specific details about the content or phrasing of these 14 items are provided in the available information.