Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II – Chinese Version

Description

In 1986, at the First International Conference on Health Promotion, the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion defined health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health. Kasl, SV proposed in 1966 that a health-promoting lifestyle refers to actions individuals take to prevent or check diseases while believing themselves to be healthy and free from any diseases. In the study of the components of a health-promoting lifestyle, Travis J W identified four behavioral dimensions: self-responsibility, nutrition, physical consciousness, and stress control. Based on this, Ardell modified and expanded it to five behavioral dimensions: self-responsibility, nutritional awareness, stress management, health fitness, and environmental sensitivity. In 1987, Pender and other scholars proposed the Health Promotion Model, wherein health-promoting behaviors are considered any actions that individuals use to maintain and enhance their peace and well-being, striving for self-actualization and personal achievement. Health-promoting lifestyles are complex, multidimensional behavioral patterns aimed at disease prevention and maintenance or enhancement of health, comprising cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components.

The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) was revised by Walker in 1987 based on Pender’s questionnaires on lifestyle and health habits. The HPLP-Ⅱ is a revised version of the HPLP. The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile mainly consists of six dimensions with a total of 28 items, using a Likert 4-point scoring method, where the options are “Never, Sometimes, Often, Always.” The Cronbach’s α for the overall health-promoting lifestyle scale and its six dimensions are as follows: 0.883 for Interpersonal Relationships, 0.810 for Nutrition, 0.912 for Health Responsibility, 0.840 for Physical Activity, 0.882 for Stress Management, and 0.909 for Spiritual Growth, with an overall value of 0.962.

Authors and Contact Email

Information not available

Purpose

To assess the health-promoting lifestyle of adolescents.

Test Year

Information not available

Administration Method and Scoring

The questionnaire was distributed in paper form within schools to 1600 students from 8 secondary schools across 4 districts in Chongqing (including both junior and senior high schools). The total mean score for the health-promoting lifestyle was 81.022±17.125, which lies in the moderate range of 28-112, indicating a generally good overall level of health-promoting lifestyle among adolescents. The mean scores for the six dimensions were as follows: 15.525±3.155 for 人际关系 (Interpersonal Relationships), 11.392±2.593 for 营养 (Nutrition), 13.604±3.853 for 健康责任 (Health Responsibility), 10.514±3.139 for 体育运动 (Physical Activity), 14.599±3.327 for 压力管理 (Stress Management), and 15.389±3.384 for 精神成长 (Spiritual Growth).

Reliability and Validity

The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile has established reliability with the following Cronbach’s α values:

– 人际关系 (Interpersonal Relationships): 0.883
– 营养 (Nutrition): 0.810
– 健康责任 (Health Responsibility): 0.912
– 体育运动 (Physical Activity): 0.840
– 压力管理 (Stress Management): 0.882
– 精神成长 (Spiritual Growth): 0.909
– Total: 0.962

Factors and Subscales

The health-promoting lifestyle includes six dimensions:
– 人际关系 (Interpersonal Relationships)
– 营养 (Nutrition)
– 健康责任 (Health Responsibility)
– 体育运动 (Physical Activity)
– 压力管理 (Stress Management)
– 精神成长 (Spiritual Growth)

Keywords

Health Promotion, Lifestyle, Adolescents, Questionnaire, HPLP

Items in Chinese

1. 与亲朋好友一起讨论我的困难和顾虑
2. 赞赏他人取得的成就
3. 与他人维持良好的人际关系
4. 乐于对他人表示关心、爱和温暖
5. 通过讨论或协商解决与他人的冲突
6. 每天吃早餐
7. 选用低脂、低油及低胆固醇的食物
8. 每天喝水至少1500ml（瓶装550ml容量矿泉水大约3瓶）
9. 通过阅读食物包装上标签确认营养、脂肪和钠（盐）含量
10. 当发现自己的健康状况出现异常时能够及时向医生报告并寻求指导与帮助
11. 阅读关于增进健康的书报或观看相关的电视节目
12. 与医生或卫生保健人员讨论我的健康问题
13. 每月至少进行一次自我身体检查，了解身体健康变化或有无危险征兆
14. 参加关于如何做好自我保健的健康教育课程
15. 做运动前先做热身运动
16. 每周至少参加三次，每次20—30分钟有流汗的运动
17. 在运动前后会测量自己的脉搏与心率，了解自己实时健康状况
18. 做完运动后，会自己做一些放松性的拉伸运动
19. 每天有充足的睡眠（6—8小时）
20. 接受生活中自己无法改变的事情
21. 有自己缓解压力的方式
22. 对于他人不合理的要求会以适当的态度去拒绝
23. 会注意自己的情绪变化
24. 对未来充满信心
25. 感觉自己正以积极的方式成长变化
26. 知道在生活中什么对自己是重要的
27. 知道自己的缺点并接纳自己
28. 乐于接受新的经历和挑战

Items in English

1. Discussing my difficulties and concerns with friends and family
2. Appreciating the achievements of others
3. Maintaining good interpersonal relationships with others
4. Being willing to express care, love, and warmth to others
5. Resolving conflicts with others through discussion or negotiation
6. Eating breakfast every day
7. Choosing low-fat, low-oil, and low-cholesterol foods
8. Drinking at least 1500ml of water daily (approximately three bottles of 550ml bottled mineral water)
9. Checking the nutritional, fat, and sodium (salt) content by reading food packaging labels
10. Timely reporting any abnormal health status to a doctor and seeking guidance and help
11. Reading health articles or watching relevant television programs
12. Discussing my health issues with doctors or health care professionals
13. Conducting a self-physical check at least once a month to understand health changes or signs of danger
14. Participating in health education courses on how to self-care
15. Warming up before exercising
16. Engaging in sweating exercises at least three times a week for 20-30 minutes each
17. Measuring my pulse and heart rate before and after exercising to understand my real-time health status
18. Doing some relaxing stretching exercises after finishing my workout
19. Getting enough sleep daily (6-8 hours)
20. Accepting things in life that I cannot change
21. Having my own ways to relieve stress
22. Refusing unreasonable requests from others with an appropriate attitude
23. Paying attention to my emotional changes
24. Being confident about the future
25. Feeling that I am growing and changing positively
26. Knowing what is important to me in life
27. Acknowledging and accepting my own flaws
28. Being willing to embrace new experiences and challenges

References

绳金承.社会支持对青少年健康促进生活方式的影响研究[D].西南大学,2023.DOI:10.27684/d.cnki.gxndx.2023.000898.