Sub-Health Measurement Scale Version 1.0 – Chinese Version

Description

As the spectrum of diseases changes and biomedical models shift towards a physiological, psychological, and social medical model, people’s understanding of health concepts is continuously deepening. While paying attention to traditional health assessment indicators such as morbidity, mortality, and life expectancy based on the foundation that health means absence of disease, there is an increasing focus on one’s physiological, psychological, and social health conditions, shifting attention from disease to health. In 1947, WHO proposed that health is not merely the absence of disease and infirmity, but a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being. An individual’s health should be seen as a composite of physical health, mental health, and social health. Since the 1980s, several scholars have suggested that many individuals exist in an intermediate state between health and illness, referred to as the “third state,” commonly known in China as sub-health. Research indicates that there are fewer individuals at the extremes of absolute health and illness, with many in the population experiencing sub-health. If managed properly, sub-health can progress to health; otherwise, it can lead to illness.

Authors and Contact Email

Xu Jun et al. (contact information not available)

Purpose

The SHMS V1.0 is developed based on the WHO definition of health, incorporating China’s social and cultural context and people’s lifestyles. It is created through rigorous Delphi expert consultation, item analysis, and item screening methods to quantify and measure sub-health in the context of Chinese culture and values.

Test Year

2012 – 2018

Administration Method and Scoring

The questionnaire was distributed with 17,339 copies issued, resulting in 15,066 valid responses, yielding an effective recovery rate of 86.89%. The sample consisted of individuals aged 14 and above who had lived in urban areas for more than six months.

The scale comprises 9 dimensions and 39 items, covering the three aspects of physical, mental, and social health. Positive scoring items include items 1-3, 13-19, and 26-39, where the rescaled score remains the same as the original score (1-5). Reverse scoring items include items 4-12 and 20-25, with the rescoring equaling 6 minus the original score. The raw score for each dimension (P1, P2, P3, P4, M1, M2, M3, S1, S2) is calculated, and the total raw score (GS) represents the overall health status.

Reliability and Validity

The SHMS V1.0 scale demonstrated good reliability and validity based on extensive population testing.

Factors and Subscales

Sub-health is a state between health and disease, wherein individuals, despite not having clear diagnoses for physical or psychological conditions, experience a state of low-quality health and physical and social adaptation. The states of health are categorized as follows:
– 生理亚健康 (Physical Sub-health)
– 心理亚健康 (Mental Sub-health)
– 社会亚健康 (Social Sub-health)

Keywords

Sub-health, Health Measurement, Physical Health, Mental Health, Social Health, SHMS V1.0

Items in Chinese

1. 您的食欲怎么样?
2. 您的睡眠怎么样?
3. 您对自己的头发生长情况满意吗?
4. 您感到口苦或口干吗?
5. 您有胃肠不适吗?
6. 您的小便有异常吗?
7. 您有头部不适吗?
8. 您有眼睛不适吗?
9. 您的听觉系统有异常吗?
10. 您弯腰、屈膝有困难吗?
11. 正常爬 3 至 5 层楼, 您有困难吗?
12. 您步行1500米有困难吗?
13. 正常休息后您的疲劳能得到缓解吗?
14. 您有充沛精力应付日常生活、工作和学习吗?
15. 您认为自己的生理(躯体)健康处于什么状态？
16. 您对自己有信心吗?
17. 您对目前的生活状况满意吗?
18. 您对未来乐观吗?
19. 您有幸福的感觉吗?
20. 您感到精神紧张吗?
21. 您感到心情不好、情绪低落吗?
22. 您感到不安全吗?
23. 您会毫无理由地感到害怕吗?
24. 您觉得孤独吗?
25. 您敏感多疑吗?
26. 您的记忆力怎么样?
27. 您思考问题或处理问题的能力怎么样?
28. 您认为自己的心理健康(如情緒、认知能力等)处于什么状态？
29. 对于在生活、工作和学习中发生在自己身上的不愉快事情, 您能妥善地处理好吗?
30. 您对自己在社会中的人际关系满意吗?
31. 您对自己在生活、工作和学习中的表现满意？
32. 您能够较快地适应新的生活、工作和学习环境吗?
33. 您和亲朋好友经常保持联系吗?
34. 您有可以与您分享快乐和忧伤的朋友吗?
35. 与您关系密切的同事、同学、邻居、亲戚或朋友多吗?
36. 需要帮助时, 家人、同事或朋友会给予您物质或情感上的支持或帮助吗?
37. 遇到困难时, 您会主动寻求他人的支持和帮助吗?
38. 您认为自己的社会健康(如人际关系、社会交往等方面)处于什么状态？
39. 您认为自己的总体健康(包括躯体、心理、社会健康三方面)处于什么状态？

Items in English

1. How is your appetite?
2. How is your sleep?
3. Are you satisfied with the growth of your hair?
4. Do you feel bitter in your mouth or dry?
5. Do you have gastrointestinal discomfort?
6. Do you have any abnormalities in your urination?
7. Do you have any discomfort in your head?
8. Do you have any discomfort in your eyes?
9. Do you have any abnormalities in your auditory system?
10. Do you have difficulty bending over or kneeling?
11. Do you have difficulty climbing 3 to 5 floors?
12. Do you have difficulty walking 1500 meters?
13. Does your fatigue relieve after normal rest?
14. Do you have ample energy to cope with daily life, work, and study?
15. What state do you believe your physical (bodily) health is in?
16. Do you have confidence in yourself?
17. Are you satisfied with your current living conditions?
18. Are you optimistic about the future?
19. Do you feel happy?
20. Do you feel mentally stressed?
21. Do you feel in a bad mood or depressed?
22. Do you feel unsafe?
23. Do you feel afraid for no reason?
24. Do you feel lonely?
25. Are you sensitive and suspicious?
26. How is your memory?
27. How is your ability to think or solve problems?
28. What state do you believe your mental health (such as emotions, cognitive abilities, etc.) is in?
29. Can you handle unpleasant experiences in life, work, and study properly?
30. Are you satisfied with your interpersonal relationships in society?
31. Are you satisfied with your performance in life, work, and study?
32. Can you quickly adapt to new living, working, and learning environments?
33. Do you frequently keep in contact with friends and relatives?
34. Do you have friends to share joy and sadness with?
35. Do you have many close colleagues, classmates, neighbors, relatives, or friends?
36. Will your family, colleagues, or friends provide material or emotional support when you need help?
37. When facing difficulties, do you actively seek support and help from others?
38. What state do you believe your social health (such as interpersonal relationships and social interactions) is in?
39. What state do you believe your overall health (including physical, mental, and social health) is in?

References

陆艳. 广东省城镇居民亚健康状况及其影响因素研究[D].南方医科大学,2013.
许军,薛允莲,刘贵浩,冯叶芳,许梦瑶,谢娟,王晓辉,陈孝谋,蒋丽洁.中国城镇居民亚健康评定量表的常模构建[J].南方医科大学学报,2019,39(03):271-278.