Chinese Health Care Literacy Questionnaire – Chinese Version

Description

Health literacy refers to the ability to obtain and understand basic health information and services, and to use this information and services to make informed decisions to maintain and promote personal health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) health literacy refers to the ability, guided by the principles of TCM, to acquire, understand, and utilize relevant TCM knowledge and techniques to modify personal behavior for the purpose of maintaining and improving one’s health. In order to enhance the TCM health literacy of citizens in China, promote basic concepts, knowledge, and skills related to TCM health maintenance, and improve citizens’ health levels, the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the National Health and Family Planning Commission organized experts to formulate the “Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Literacy for Chinese Citizens,” which was officially released on June 18, 2014. Based on the content of this document, adjustments have been made to meet the needs of this research. This survey questionnaire consists of four parts, totaling 38 questions. They are: Basic Concepts and Knowledge of TCM Health Literacy – 10 items, Health Lifestyles and Behavioral Literacy – 10 items, Content of Health Maintenance Literacy – 8 items, and Methods of Health Maintenance Literacy – 10 items. The questionnaire was pre-tested before the formal survey, and reliability and validity analyses were conducted, resulting in a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.845 and a validity of 0.793, indicating good internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire used in this survey.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

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Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

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Reliability and Validity

The questionnaire was pre-tested before the formal survey, with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.845 and a validity of 0.793, indicating good internal consistency and reliability.

Factors and Subscales

1. 中医养生保健素养基本理念和知识 (Basic Concepts and Knowledge of TCM Health Literacy)
2. 健康生活方式与行为素养 (Health Lifestyles and Behavioral Literacy)
3. 养生保健内容素养 (Content of Health Maintenance Literacy)
4. 养生保健方法素养 (Methods of Health Maintenance Literacy)

Keywords

Health literacy, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health maintenance, Survey, Reliability and validity.

Items in Chinese

1. 中医养生保健是在中医理论的指导下，通过各种方法达到增强体质、预防疾病、延年益寿目的保健活动。您认为这种说法 A.正确 B.错误 C.不知道
2. 中医养生的理念是顺应自然、阴阳平衡、因人而异。您认为这种说法 A.正确 B.错误 C.不知道
3. 中医养生的理念体现在情志、饮食、起居和运动等多方面，您认为这种说法 A.正确 B.错误 C.不知道
4. 中医养生保健强调全面保养和调理，应从青少年开始做起，您认为这种说法 A.正确 B.错误 C.不知道
5. 中医治未病的思想涵盖健康和疾病的全过程，包括“未病先防、既病防变、瘥后防复”，您认为此说法 A.正确 B.错误 C.不知道
6. 中药保健是利用中药天然的偏性调理人体气血阴阳的盛衰。您认为这种说法 A.正确 B.错误 C.不知道
7. 下列属于“药食两用”的中药有蜂蜜、山药、大枣、枸杞、绿豆。您认为这种说法 A.正确 B.错误 C.不知道
8. 刮痧可以活血、舒筋、通络、解郁、散邪。您认为该说法 A.正确 B.错误 C.不知道
9. 拔罐可以散寒湿、除瘀滞、止肿痛、祛毒热。您认为该说法 A.正确 B.错误 C.不知道
10. 煎服中药避免使用铝、铁质煎煮容器。您认为该说法 A.正确 B.错误 C.不知道

1. 您是否能保持心态平和、适应社会状态、积极乐观地生活与工作？A.完全能做到 B.基本能做到 C.勉强能做到 D.不能
2. 您是否能做到起居有常，顺应晨昏昼夜和春夏秋冬的变化规律，并持之以恒？A.完全能做到 B.基本能做到 C.勉强能做到 D.不能
3. 您的饮食是否注意谷类、蔬菜、水果、禽肉等的均衡搭配，无偏食偏嗜？A.完全能做到 B.基本能做到 C.勉强能做到 D.不能
4. 您是否能做到饮食细嚼慢咽、勿暴饮暴食、用餐专心、并保持心情愉快？A.完全能做到 B.基本能做到 C.勉强能做到 D.不能
5. 您是否能做到早餐吃好、午餐吃饱、晚餐吃少？A.完全能做到 B.基本能做到 C.勉强能做到 D.不能
6. 您是否能做到“饭前洗手、饭后漱口？”A.完全能做到 B.基本能做到 C.勉强能做到 D.不能
7. 您是否在更年期做相应的调理？如在饮食、运动、起居及药物等方面调理？A.完全能做到 B.基本能做到 C.勉强能做到 D.不能做到
8. 您是否能够做到不抽烟、不过量饮酒？A.完全能做到 B.基本能做到 C.勉强能做到 D.不能做到
9. 您是否能够做到足浴或者泡脚？A.完全能做到 B.基本能做到 C.勉强能做到 D.不能做到
10. 您是否能够做到在冬季适当进补？A.完全能做到 B.基本能做到 C.勉强能做到 D.不能做到

1. 您是否能通过控制和调节情绪达到身心安宁和情绪愉快？A.能 B.基本能 C.勉强能 D.不能
2. 您是否能根据自身体质，通过改变饮食方式、选择合适的食物，获得健康？A.能 B.基本能 C.勉强能 D.不能
3. 您是否通过练习中医传统保健项目的方式来维护健康？（中医传统保健项目如：太极拳、五禽戏、六字诀、八段锦等）A.能 B.基本能 C.勉强能 D.不能
4. 您常采用的养生保健项目是 A.太极拳 B.八段锦 C.五禽戏 D.六字诀 E.其他（具体： ）
5. 您是否能按照春夏秋冬四时节令的变化采用不同的养生方法？（如：春季和夏季晚睡早起、秋季早睡早起、冬季早睡晚起）A.能 B.基本能 C.勉强能 D.不能
6. 您是否能根据中医经络理论，按照中医经络和腧穴的功效主治，采取针、灸、推拿、按摩、运动等方式，达到疏通经络、调和阴阳的目的？A.能 B.基本能 C.勉强能 D.不能
7. 中医认为人的特质分为：平和质、阳虚质、阴虚质、气虚质、痰湿质、湿热质、血瘀质、气郁质、特禀质。您能够识别自己的体质吗？A.能 B.基本能 C.勉强能 D.不能
8. 您是否能根据自身的体质特征制定适合自己的日常养生方法？A.能 B.基本能 C.勉强能 D.不能

1. 您是否尝试采用叩齿法来坚固牙齿？（叩齿法：将牙齿上下咬合后叩齿，使牙齿坚固）A.经常 B.偶尔 C.从不
2. 您是否尝试采用闭口调息法来保持呼吸的均匀和缓和？（闭口调息法：闭口调整呼吸）A.经常 B.偶尔 C.从不
3. 您是否尝试采用咽津法帮助消化？（咽津法：每日清晨，用舌头抵住上颚，或用舌尖舔动上颚，等唾液满口时，分数次咽下。）A.经常 B.偶尔 C.从不
4. 您是否尝试采用搓面法消除疲劳？（搓面法：搓热双手，以中指沿鼻部两侧自下而上，到额部两手向两侧分开，经颊而下，可反复10余次，至面部轻轻发热为度。）A.经常 B.偶尔 C.从不
5. 您是否尝试采用梳发帮助疏通气血和清醒头脑？（梳发：用双手十指插入发间，用手指梳头，从前到后按搓头部，每次梳头50～100次。）A.经常 B.偶尔 C.从不
6. 您是否尝试采用运目法清肝明目？（运目法：将眼球自左至右转动10余次，再自右至左转动10余次，然后闭目休息片刻，每日做4～5次。）A.经常 B.偶尔 C.从不
7. 您是否尝试采用凝耳法来保持头脑清醒和驱除杂念？（凝耳法：两手掩耳，低头、仰头5～7次。）A.经常 B.偶尔 C.从不
8. 您是否尝试采用提气法帮助气的运行？（提气法：在吸气时，稍用力提肛门连同会阴上升，稍后，在缓缓呼气放下，每日可做5～7次。）A.经常 B.偶尔 C.从不
9. 您是否尝试采用摩腹法帮助消化、消除腹胀？（摩腹法：每次饭后，用掌心在以肚脐为中心的腹部顺时针方向按摩30次左右。）A.经常 B.偶尔 C.从不
10. 您是否尝试采用足心按摩法来强腰固肾？（足心按摩法：每日临睡前，以拇指按摩足心，顺时针方向按摩100次。）A.经常 B.偶尔 C.从不

Items in English

1. Traditional Chinese medicine health maintenance is a health care activity that aims to enhance physical fitness, prevent diseases, and prolong life under the guidance of TCM theory. Do you think this statement is A. Correct B. Incorrect C. I don’t know
2. The concept of TCM health maintenance is to conform to nature, maintain a balance of Yin and Yang, and vary according to individuals. Do you think this statement is A. Correct B. Incorrect C. I don’t know
3. The concept of TCM health maintenance is reflected in various aspects such as emotions, diet, daily routines, and exercise. Do you think this statement is A. Correct B. Incorrect C. I don’t know
4. TCM health maintenance emphasizes comprehensive care and conditioning, starting from adolescence. Do you think this statement is A. Correct B. Incorrect C. I don’t know
5. The TCM philosophy of treating diseases before they occur includes the complete process of health and disease, including “preventing disease before it occurs, preventing the development of existing diseases, and preventing relapse after recovery”. Do you think this statement is A. Correct B. Incorrect C. I don’t know
6. TCM health care utilizes the natural inclination of traditional Chinese medicine to regulate the balance of Qi, blood, Yin, and Yang in the human body. Do you think this statement is A. Correct B. Incorrect C. I don’t know
7. The following are examples of “dual-use medicines”: honey, yam, jujube, goji berries, and mung beans. Do you think this statement is A. Correct B. Incorrect C. I don’t know
8. Gua Sha can activate blood flow, relax muscles, unblock channels, relieve depression, and dispel evils. Do you think this statement is A. Correct B. Incorrect C. I don’t know
9. Cupping can disperse cold and dampness, remove stasis, relieve swelling and pain, and detoxify. Do you think this statement is A. Correct B. Incorrect C. I don’t know
10. When decocting Chinese medicine, avoid using aluminum or iron cooking utensils. Do you think this statement is A. Correct B. Incorrect C. I don’t know

1. Are you able to maintain a peaceful mindset, adapt to social conditions, and live and work with a positive attitude? A. Completely capable B. Mostly capable C. Barely capable D. Not capable
2. Are you able to maintain regular daily routines that conform to the rhythms of morning and night, and the changes of the four seasons, consistently? A. Completely capable B. Mostly capable C. Barely capable D. Not capable
3. Do you pay attention to a balanced diet of grains, vegetables, fruits, poultry, and meat, without picky eating? A. Completely capable B. Mostly capable C. Barely capable D. Not capable
4. Are you able to chew food slowly, avoid binge eating, eat mindfully, and maintain a pleasant mood during meals? A. Completely capable B. Mostly capable C. Barely capable D. Not capable
5. Are you able to have a hearty breakfast, a full lunch, and a light dinner? A. Completely capable B. Mostly capable C. Barely capable D. Not capable
6. Are you able to wash your hands before meals and rinse your mouth afterward? A. Completely capable B. Mostly capable C. Barely capable D. Not capable
7. Are you able to make necessary adjustments during menopause, such as in diet, exercise, daily routines, and medications? A. Completely capable B. Mostly capable C. Barely capable D. Not capable
8. Are you able to refrain from smoking and limit alcohol consumption? A. Completely capable B. Mostly capable C. Barely capable D. Not capable
9. Are you able to soak your feet or take foot baths? A. Completely capable B. Mostly capable C. Barely capable D. Not capable
10. Are you able to appropriately supplement your nutrition in winter? A. Completely capable B. Mostly capable C. Barely capable D. Not capable

1. Are you able to achieve peace of mind and pleasant emotions by controlling and regulating your feelings? A. Yes B. Mostly C. Barely D. No
2. Are you able to obtain health by altering your diet and selecting appropriate foods based on your physical condition? A. Yes B. Mostly C. Barely D. No
3. Do you maintain your health by practicing traditional TCM health care projects? (Traditional TCM health care projects include: Tai Chi, Five Animal Frolics, Six Character Formula, Eight Pieces of Brocade, etc.) A. Yes B. Mostly C. Barely D. No
4. Which health maintenance projects do you commonly adopt? A. Tai Chi B. Eight Pieces of Brocade C. Five Animal Frolics D. Six Character Formula E. Other (specify: )
5. Are you able to adopt different health maintenance methods according to seasonal changes? (e.g., sleeping late and waking up early in spring and summer, sleeping early in autumn, and waking up late in winter) A. Yes B. Mostly C. Barely D. No
6. Are you able to follow the TCM meridian theory and adopt acupuncture, moxibustion, massage, exercise, etc., according to the efficacy and indications of meridians and acupoints to achieve balance? A. Yes B. Mostly C. Barely D. No
7. TCM categorizes individuals’ constitutions into: balanced constitution, Yang deficiency constitution, Yin deficiency constitution, Qi deficiency constitution, phlegm-damp constitution, damp-heat constitution, blood stasis constitution, Qi stagnation constitution, and special constitution. Are you able to identify your constitution? A. Yes B. Mostly C. Barely D. No
8. Are you able to create daily health maintenance methods suitable for your own constitution? A. Yes B. Mostly C. Barely D. No

1. Have you tried using the tooth tapping method to strengthen your teeth? (tooth tapping method: clasp your teeth together and tap them to strengthen the teeth) A. Often B. Occasionally C. Never
2. Have you tried using the closed mouth breathe method to maintain even and calm breathing? (closed mouth breathe method: adjust your breathing with a closed mouth) A. Often B. Occasionally C. Never
3. Have you tried using the swallowing saliva method to aid digestion? (swallowing saliva method: every morning, press your tongue against the upper palate or lick the upper palate with the tip of your tongue, and when your mouth is full of saliva, swallow it several times.) A. Often B. Occasionally C. Never
4. Have you tried using the rubbing face method to relieve fatigue? (rubbing face method: rub your hands to heat them, use your middle finger from the sides of the nose upwards to the forehead, and then outward down the cheeks, repeatedly for over 10 times until the face warms lightly.) A. Often B. Occasionally C. Never
5. Have you tried using the combing hair method to help unblock Qi and blood and awaken the mind? (combing hair: insert your fingers into the hair and comb from front to back, massaging the head for 50-100 times each time.) A. Often B. Occasionally C. Never
6. Have you tried using the eye movement method to clear the liver and brighten the eyes? (eye movement method: rotate the eyeballs from left to right 10 times, then from right to left 10 times, and rest with closed eyes for a moment, repeat 4-5 times daily.) A. Often B. Occasionally C. Never
7. Have you tried using the ear focusing method to keep the mind clear and eliminate distractions? (ear focusing method: cover your ears with both hands and bob your head up and down 5-7 times.) A. Often B. Occasionally C. Never
8. Have you tried using the boosting Qi method to assist in the flow of energy? (boosting Qi method: during inhalation, slightly lift your anus together with the perineum, then slowly release while exhaling, repeating this 5-7 times daily.) A. Often B. Occasionally C. Never
9. Have you tried using the abdominal rubbing method to aid digestion and relieve bloating? (abdominal rubbing method: after each meal, massage the abdomen in a clockwise direction with the palm centered around the navel about 30 times.) A. Often B. Occasionally C. Never
10. Have you tried using the foot sole massage method to strengthen the waist and kidneys? (foot sole massage method: each night before sleeping, massage the soles of your feet in a clockwise motion with your thumbs about 100 times.) A. Often B. Occasionally C. Never

References

周萍. 济南高校离退休老年人中医养生保健素养与健康状况调查研究[D]. 山东:山东中医药大学,2017.