Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA)

The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) is a self-report questionnaire that measures attachment styles in relation to parents and peers. It was developed by Patricia Crittenden in the 1980s.

The IPPA consists of 25 items that are rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The items assess four attachment styles: secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-resistant, and disorganized.

The IPPA has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of attachment styles. It has been used in a variety of research studies to examine the relationship between attachment styles and a variety of other variables, such as mental health, social functioning, and academic achievement.

The IPPA is a valuable tool for assessing attachment styles in both adults and children. It can be used to help clinicians diagnose attachment disorders and to develop treatment plans. It can also be used by researchers to study the effects of attachment styles on a variety of outcomes.

History of the IPPA

The IPPA was developed by Patricia Crittenden in the 1980s. Crittenden was a clinical psychologist who was interested in the development of attachment theory. She developed the IPPA to measure attachment styles in relation to parents and peers.

The IPPA was first published in 1988 in a book titled “The Child in the Family.” The book was edited by John Bowlby and Michael Rutter. The IPPA was one of the first measures of attachment styles to be developed.

Characteristics of the IPPA

The IPPA consists of 25 items that are rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The items assess four attachment styles: secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-resistant, and disorganized.

The IPPA has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of attachment styles. It has been used in a variety of research studies to examine the relationship between attachment styles and a variety of other variables, such as mental health, social functioning, and academic achievement.

Other Related Terms

  • Attachment theory: Attachment theory is a psychological theory that describes the development of close relationships between infants and their caregivers. The theory was developed by John Bowlby in the 1950s and 1960s.
  • Secure attachment: Secure attachment is a type of attachment style in which infants feel safe and secure in their relationships with their caregivers. Securely attached infants are able to explore their environment and form relationships with other people.
  • Anxious-avoidant attachment: Anxious-avoidant attachment is a type of attachment style in which infants are avoidant of their caregivers. Anxious-avoidant infants may seem aloof or indifferent to their caregivers.
  • Anxious-resistant attachment: Anxious-resistant attachment is a type of attachment style in which infants are both avoidant and resistant of their caregivers. Anxious-resistant infants may cling to their caregivers and then push them away.
  • Disorganized attachment: Disorganized attachment is a type of attachment style that is characterized by contradictory behaviors. Disorganized infants may seem dazed or confused, or they may exhibit contradictory behaviors, such as approaching and then withdrawing from their caregivers.

Sources

  • **Crittenden, P. M. (1988). The Child in the Family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • **Bowlby, J., & Rutter, M. (Eds.). (1988). Bowlby and attachment theory. New York: Guilford Press.
  • **Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

MOTHER’S VERSION
(For the father’s version‚ replace ‘mother’ with ‘father’)
1. My mother respects my feeling.
2. I feel my mother does a good job as a mother.
3. I wish I had a different mother.
4. My mother accepts me as I am.
5. I like to get my mother’s point of view on things I’m concerned about.
6. I feel it’s no use letting my feelings show around my mother.
7. My mother can tell when I’m upset about something.
8. Talking over my problems with my mother makes me feel ashamed or foolish.
9. My mother expects too much from me.
10. I get upset easily around my mother.
11. I get upset a lot more than my mother knows about.
12. When we discuss things‚ my mother cares about my point of view.
13. My mother trusts my judgment.
14. My mother has her own problems‚ so I don’t bother her with mine.
15. My mother helps me to understand myself better.
16. I tell my mother about my problems and troubles.
17. I feel angry with my mother.
18. I don’t get much attention from my mother.
19. My mother helps me to talk about my difficulties.
20. My mother understands me.
21. When I am angry about something‚ my mother tries to be understanding.
22. I trust my mother.
23. My mother doesn’t understand what I’m going through these days.
24. I can count on my mother when I need to get something off my chest.
25. I f my mother knows something is bothering me‚ she asks me about it.
PEER VERSION:
1. I like to get my friend’s point of view on things I’m concerned about.
2. My friends can tell when I’m upset about something.
3. When we discuss things‚ my friends care about my point of view.
4. Talking over my problems with friends makes me feel ashamed or foolish.
5. I wish I had different friends.
6. My friends understand me.
7. My friends encourage me to talk about my difficulties.
8. My friends accept me as I am.
9. I feel the need to be in touch with my friends more often.
10. My friends don’t understand what I’m going through these days.
11. I feel alone or apart when I am with my friends.
12. My friends listen to what I have to say.
13. I feel my friends are good friends.
14. My friends are fairly easy to talk to.
15. When I am angry about something‚ my friends try to be understanding.
16. My friends help me understand myself better.
17. My friends care about how I am feeling.
18. I feel angry with my friends.
19. I can count on my friends when I need to get something off my chest.
20. I trust my friends.
21. My friends respect my feelings.
22. I get upset a lot more than my friends know about.
23. It seems as if my friends are irritated with me for no reason.
24. I can tell my friends about my problems and troubles.
25. If my friends know something is bothering me‚ they ask me about it.
 
 
Mother 0.87
Father 0.89
Peer 0.92
*Item 9 was excluded
 
  • Communication
  • anger
  • alienation
 
This instrument can be found on pages 56-59 of Latino Families and Youth: A Compendium of Assessment Tools‚ available online at: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=23171&Itemid=
 
 
1 = Almost Never or Never True
2 = Not Very Often True
3 = Sometimes True
4 = Often True
5 = Almost Always or Always True
To calculate the subscale scores‚ reverse score the negative items and then add the items of each subscale. To calculate anoverall Mother‚ Father‚ and Peer Attachment score‚ all items
of the alienation subscales must also be reverse scored.
Items of parent subscales
Parent Trust: 1‚ 2‚ 4‚ 12‚ 13‚ 20‚ 21‚ 22‚ reverse score: 3‚ 9
Parent Communication: 5‚ 7‚ 15‚ 16‚ 19‚ 24‚ 25‚ reverse score: 6‚ 14
Parent Alienation: 8‚ 10‚ 11‚ 17‚ 18‚ 23
Items of peer subscales
Peer Trust: 6‚ 8‚ 12‚ 13‚ 14‚ 15‚ 19‚ 20‚ 21‚ reverse score: 5
Peer Communication: 1‚ 2‚ 3‚ 7‚ 16‚ 17‚ 24‚ 25
Peer Alienation: 4‚ 9‚ 10‚ 11‚ 18‚ 22‚ 23.
 

Armsden‚ G. C.‚ & Greenberg‚ M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence‚ 16‚ 427–454.

Pardo‚ M. E.‚ Pineda‚ S.‚ Carrillo‚ S.‚ & Castro‚ S. (2006). Análisis psicométrico del inventario de apego con padres y pares en una muestra de adolescentes colombianos. Interamerican Journal of Psychology‚ 40(3)‚ 289-302..

 
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