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The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) is a self-report questionnaire that measures attachment styles in relation to parents and peers. It was developed by Patricia Crittenden in the 1980s.
The IPPA consists of 25 items that are rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The items assess four attachment styles: secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-resistant, and disorganized.
The IPPA has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of attachment styles. It has been used in a variety of research studies to examine the relationship between attachment styles and a variety of other variables, such as mental health, social functioning, and academic achievement.
The IPPA is a valuable tool for assessing attachment styles in both adults and children. It can be used to help clinicians diagnose attachment disorders and to develop treatment plans. It can also be used by researchers to study the effects of attachment styles on a variety of outcomes.
History of the IPPA
The IPPA was developed by Patricia Crittenden in the 1980s. Crittenden was a clinical psychologist who was interested in the development of attachment theory. She developed the IPPA to measure attachment styles in relation to parents and peers.
The IPPA was first published in 1988 in a book titled “The Child in the Family.” The book was edited by John Bowlby and Michael Rutter. The IPPA was one of the first measures of attachment styles to be developed.
Characteristics of the IPPA
The IPPA consists of 25 items that are rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The items assess four attachment styles: secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-resistant, and disorganized.
The IPPA has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of attachment styles. It has been used in a variety of research studies to examine the relationship between attachment styles and a variety of other variables, such as mental health, social functioning, and academic achievement.
Other Related Terms
- Attachment theory: Attachment theory is a psychological theory that describes the development of close relationships between infants and their caregivers. The theory was developed by John Bowlby in the 1950s and 1960s.
- Secure attachment: Secure attachment is a type of attachment style in which infants feel safe and secure in their relationships with their caregivers. Securely attached infants are able to explore their environment and form relationships with other people.
- Anxious-avoidant attachment: Anxious-avoidant attachment is a type of attachment style in which infants are avoidant of their caregivers. Anxious-avoidant infants may seem aloof or indifferent to their caregivers.
- Anxious-resistant attachment: Anxious-resistant attachment is a type of attachment style in which infants are both avoidant and resistant of their caregivers. Anxious-resistant infants may cling to their caregivers and then push them away.
- Disorganized attachment: Disorganized attachment is a type of attachment style that is characterized by contradictory behaviors. Disorganized infants may seem dazed or confused, or they may exhibit contradictory behaviors, such as approaching and then withdrawing from their caregivers.
Sources
- **Crittenden, P. M. (1988). The Child in the Family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- **Bowlby, J., & Rutter, M. (Eds.). (1988). Bowlby and attachment theory. New York: Guilford Press.
- **Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Communication
- anger
- alienation
Armsden‚ G. C.‚ & Greenberg‚ M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence‚ 16‚ 427–454.
Pardo‚ M. E.‚ Pineda‚ S.‚ Carrillo‚ S.‚ & Castro‚ S. (2006). Análisis psicométrico del inventario de apego con padres y pares en una muestra de adolescentes colombianos. Interamerican Journal of Psychology‚ 40(3)‚ 289-302..