Coping Online With Racism Scale (CORS)

Abstract

The Coping Online With Racism Scale (CORS; Keum & Volpe, 2023) is a tool designed to measure coping mechanisms for online racism, specifically focusing on seeking social support and engaging with counterspaces. This inventory was developed as part of a study investigating individual and institutional antiracism advocacy and online coping as moderators in the relationship between online racism and psychological distress. The development of the CORS items was informed by qualitative themes of coping and antiracism advocacy from Keum (2017), and was theoretically guided by relevant domains from Carver’s Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory (Carver, 1997), including Active Coping, Planning, Emotional Support, Instrumental Support, and Venting. Additionally, prior adaptations of the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced to online contexts (van Ingen & Wright, 2016) were considered. The resulting measure was administered to a sample of racially/ethnically diverse adults, with reported results concerning its factor structure and reliability.

Keywords

Coping; Online Racism; Social Support; Active Coping; Planning; Emotional Support; Instrumental Support; Venting of Emotions; Coping Behavior; Help Seeking Behavior; Racism; Online Social Networks; Stress and Coping Measures; Online Behavior; Anger Expression.

Authors

Keum, Brian TaeHyuk; Volpe, Vanessa

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Purpose

The CORS assesses coping mechanisms individuals employ when encountering online racism.

Validity

No data is Available.

Reliability

Internal consistency: The Cronbach’s α for the current sample was .94.

Factor Analysis

Confirmatory factor analysis: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for the CORS indicated a good fit to the data, with the following fit indices: CFI = .96, RMSEA = .076 [.060, .092], and SRMR = .036. All items demonstrated significant loadings (p < .001), with factor loadings ranging from .65 to .86. The overall measurement model also showed an adequate fit: χ² = 1601.71, df = 758, p ≤ .001, CFI = .91, RMSEA = .052 [.049, .056], and SRMR = .079. The AIC value for the model was 42219.05, and the BIC value was 42339.38.

Instrument: Coping Online With Racism Scale (CORS)

Test Type: Original Inventory/Questionnaire

Format: Participants are asked to respond to the 10 items regarding their efforts to deal with online racism on a 5-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (very often). The administration method is electronic.

Language Available: English

Population Group: Human; Male; Female; Genderfluid; Transmasculine; Agender Individuals.

Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older)

Population Details: Respondents are adults located in the United States.

Test Methodology: Test Reliability; Internal Consistency; Factor Analysis; Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Keywords

Coping; Online Racism; Social Support; Active Coping; Planning; Emotional Support; Instrumental Support; Venting of Emotions.

Authors Including

Author ORCID Identifier:

• Keum, Brian TaeHyuk: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6018-2094

• Volpe, Vanessa: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-1160

Affiliation:

• Keum, Brian TaeHyuk: Boston College Department of Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology

• Volpe, Vanessa: North Carolina State University Department of Psychology

Email Addresses:

• Keum, Brian TaeHyuk: [email protected]

Correspondence Address:

• Keum, Brian TaeHyuk: Boston College, Department of Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Campion Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States, 02467, [email protected]

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

Permissions: Contact Corresponding Author

Fee: No

Test Year: 2023

References

Keum, B. T., & Volpe, V. (2023). Resisting and countering online racial hate: Antiracism advocacy and coping online with racism as moderators of distress associated with online racism. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 70(5), 498–509. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000674

Items of the Coping Online With Racism Scale (CORS)

The measure includes 10 items. The domains covered by these items are: Active Coping, Planning, Emotional Support, Instrumental Support, and Venting of Emotions. No data is Available regarding the specific wording of the items.