Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Transgender individuals are those who psychologically cannot identify with their birth-assigned gender but instead identify as belonging to another gender. The transgender community accounts for approximately 0.10% to 1.10% of the global population. The prevalence of transgender individuals in China is unclear. According to relevant statistical data, around 0.3% of adults in the Asia-Pacific region belong to the transgender community. Based on this proportion, there are estimated to be about 4 million transgender individuals in China, and this number continues to rise. Research shows that compared to cisgender individuals (those whose gender identity matches their birth-assigned gender), transgender individuals have poorer mental health, particularly with significant anxiety and depression symptoms, which are considered risk factors for suicide. The minority stress theory posits that the psychological distress experienced by transgender individuals stems from social causes and explains how the discrimination and prejudice they face in a gender-binary society negatively impact their mental health, especially when they cannot access social support. Therefore, improving the living conditions of transgender individuals largely depends on the level of societal recognition they receive.

Authors and Contact Email

Wang Zhanqiang et al.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (TABS) for evaluating the attitudes of the general adult population towards transgender individuals.

Test Year

Information not available.

Administration Method and Scoring

The scale contains 26 items. Participants are asked to respond on a Likert scale where:
1 = 完全不同意 (Strongly Disagree);
2 = 基本不同意 (Disagree);
3 = 有些不同意 (Somewhat Disagree);
4 = 不确定 (Neutral);
5 = 有些同意 (Somewhat Agree);
6 = 基本同意 (Agree);
7 = 完全同意 (Strongly Agree).

Reliability and Validity

The content validity index (I-CVI) for each item ranged from 0.83 to 1.00, and the scale’s content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.98. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors: interpersonal comfort, gender beliefs, and human values, explaining a total variance of 57.13%. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable fit for the scale (X/df = 2.95, RMSEA = 0.05, GFI = 0.92, AGFI = 0.90). The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.95, with the three factors having Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.95, 0.88, and 0.86, respectively. The test-retest reliability for the total scale was 0.88, and for the three factors, it was 0.78, 0.65, and 0.91, respectively. This indicates good reliability and validity for the TABS.

Factors and Subscales

1. 人际舒适性 (Interpersonal Comfort)
2. 性别信念 (Gender Beliefs)
3. 人类价值 (Human Values)

Keywords

Transgender, Attitudes, Beliefs, Scale, Validity, Reliability.

Items in Chinese

1. 跨性别者不应被嘲笑或虐待。
2. 一个人是男性还是女性完全取决于外在的性器官。
3. 尽管绝大多数人是男性或者女性,但也有其他的性别。
4. 让我待在一个跨性别群体中,没有什么不适感。
5. 无法确定自己是男性还是女性的人有精神问题。
6. 如果我认识很长时间的一个人和我说,他以前是另一种性别,我会感到失落。
7. 如果我知道这个人是跨性别者,我会回避这个人。
8. 即使我知道某个人是跨性别者,我仍然愿意与他 (她)交朋友。
9. 在接纳跨性别者的公司工作,我感觉很舒服。
10. 所有的成年人都应当认同自己是男性或女性。
11. 无论对跨性别的看法如何,我认为跨性别者也是有价值的人。
12. 一个人不确定自己是男性还是女性,也是正常和健康的。
13. 人类只有男性或女性,不存在其他性别。
14. 如果一个跨性别者要做我的室友,我会委婉拒绝。
15. 如果你生来是男性,无论你做什么都无法改变自己的性别。
16. 如果我的孩子带了一个跨性别朋友来家里,我没有任何不适感。
17. 如果在工作中需要与跨性别者密切合作,这会让我感到不舒服。
18. 一个人是男性还是女性取决于他(她)认为自己是男性还是女性。
19. 跨性别者应享有与其他人同等的权利。
20. 如果一个跨性别者认为自己是女性,她有权和一个男性结婚。
21. 如果我的领导是跨性别者,我会感到不舒服。
22. 如果我认识的某个人告诉我,他是跨性别者,我可能不再跟他有密切接触。
23. 跨性别者应该与其他人一样受到尊重。
24. 跨性别者和我们其他人一样,都在努力生活。
25. 如果发现与我单独相处的是一个跨性别者,我会觉得不舒服。
26. 如果发现我的医生是一个跨性别者,我会找其他医生。

Items in English

1. Transgender individuals should not be laughed at or abused.
2. Whether a person is male or female completely depends on external genitalia.
3. Although the vast majority of people are male or female, there are other genders.
4. I feel no discomfort being in a transgender community.
5. Individuals who cannot determine whether they are male or female have mental issues.
6. If someone I have known for a long time tells me they were a different gender before, I would feel a sense of loss.
7. If I know someone is transgender, I would avoid that person.
8. Even if I know someone is transgender, I would still be willing to be friends with him/her.
9. I feel comfortable working in a company that accepts transgender individuals.
10. All adults should identify as either male or female.
11. Regardless of views on transgender issues, I believe transgender individuals are valuable people.
12. It is normal and healthy for a person to be uncertain about whether they are male or female.
13. Humans consist only of male or female; there is no other gender.
14. If a transgender individual wants to be my roommate, I would politely decline.
15. If you were born male, there is nothing you can do to change your gender.
16. If my child brought a transgender friend home, I would have no discomfort.
17. If I need to work closely with a transgender individual, it would make me uncomfortable.
18. A person’s gender is determined by how he/she perceives themselves to be male or female.
19. Transgender individuals should have the same rights as others.
20. If a transgender individual believes she is female, she has the right to marry a male.
21. If my supervisor is transgender, I would feel uncomfortable.
22. If someone I know tells me they are transgender, I might not engage closely with them anymore.
23. Transgender individuals should be respected just like others.
24. Transgender individuals, like the rest of us, are trying to live their lives.
25. If I discover I am alone with a transgender individual, I would feel uncomfortable.
26. If I find out my doctor is transgender, I would seek another doctor.

References

王占强,董瀚文,张月倩,等.跨性别态度与信念量表中文版测评成年人的效度和信度[J/OL].中国心理卫生杂志,2025,(01):87-93[2024-12-15].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1873.R.20241212.1526.030.html.