Sport Motivation Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Exercise motivation is an intrinsic drive that individuals experience when participating in sports, which can enhance their performance. This drive manifests as heightened concentration, increased time spent on the activity, and prolonged engagement in sports. A lack of or reduced exercise motivation can lead to a loss of interest in sports or a decision to stop participating in physical activities.

Authors and Contact Email

Brière, Vallerand, and Blais (1995); Pelletier, Tusond, and Fortier (1995); Li & Hammer (1996); Núñez, Martín-Albo, and Navarro (2006). Contact email information not available.

Purpose

The primary purpose of the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) is to evaluate the motivations for participating in sports.

Test Year

Information not available.

Administration Method and Scoring

The SMS includes 28 items divided into 7 subscales that measure three forms of intrinsic motivation, three forms of extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. Participants are required to reflect on the sports they have engaged in over the past year and respond to questions regarding their reasons for participating.

Reliability and Validity

The reliability and validity tests of the scale indicate good reliability and validity indicators. Specifically, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for each subscale range from 0.67 (for knowledge-based intrinsic motivation) to 0.89 (for amotivation), with an average of 0.72.

Factors and Subscales

The SMS comprises the following seven subscales:
– 求知内部动机 (Knowledge-based Intrinsic Motivation)
– 成就内部动机 (Achievement-based Intrinsic Motivation)
– 体验刺激内部动机 (Arousal-based Intrinsic Motivation)
– 认同调节 (Identified Regulation)
– 内摄调节 (Introjected Regulation)
– 外部调节 (External Regulation)
– 无动机 (Amotivation)

Keywords

Exercise motivation, Sport Motivation Scale, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, amotivation.

Items in Chinese

请回想你近一年来从事最多的一项运动，对下列题目做出选择。
1. 因为这项运动让我觉得很刺激，感觉很愉快。
2. 因为了解更多关于这项运动的知识让我感到愉快。
3. 我以前有充分的做运动的理由，但现在我一直在问自己是否应该继续这项运动。
4. 因为发现有关这项运动新的训练技术可以让我获得愉悦感。
5. 我也不知道，我觉得我无法在这项运动中有所成就。
6. 因为通过这项运动我能获得我认识的人的认可。
7. 因为从事这项运动是与人交往的最好的途径之一。
8. 因为掌握这项运动某些有难度的训练技术时，我会有自我满足感。
9. 因为我认为要想有个好身体，运动是绝对有必要的。
10. 为了通过这项运动获得荣耀或是其他一些我想要得到的东西。
11. 因为我认为从事这项运动对我自身其他方面的发展也有好处。
12. 因为改善我在这项运动中的弱项让我觉得很愉快。
13. 因为参与这一运动时，我会觉得很兴奋。
14. 因为从事这项运动时，我会自我感觉良好。
15. 因为在这项运动中我能改善我的能力，获得满足感。
16. 因为我身边的人认为通过这项运动可以获得健康。
17. 因为通过这项运动我能学到很多东西，这些东西对我生活的其他方面也会很有用。
18. 因为我喜欢这项运动，做这项运动时我有强烈的情感体验。
19. 我也不太清楚，我认为我不能在这项运动中占有一席之地。
20. 在这项运动中完成某些高难度动作时我会觉得很愉快。
21. 因为如果我没有花时间做这项运动我会感觉不好。
22. 为了向别人展示在这项运动中我很优秀。
23. 因为在这项运动中学习一些从未尝试过的训练技术让我觉得很愉快。
24. 因为通过这项运动，我可以和朋友保持良好关系。
25. 因为我喜欢全身心投入这一运动中的感觉。
26. 因为如果不能定期参加这项运动，我会感觉不舒服。
27. 因为在这项运动中发现新的技战术让我觉得很愉悦。
28. 我常常问自己为什么参与这项运动，我似乎不能达到为自己设定的运动目标。

Items in English

Please recall the sport you have engaged in the most over the past year and respond to the following questions.
1. Because this sport makes me feel excited and brings me joy.
2. Because learning more about this sport makes me happy.
3. I used to have strong reasons to exercise, but now I keep asking myself if I should continue this sport.
4. Because discovering new training techniques related to this sport gives me pleasure.
5. I don’t know, I feel I cannot achieve anything in this sport.
6. Because through this sport I can receive recognition from people I know.
7. Because participating in this sport is one of the best ways to interact with others.
8. Because mastering some challenging training techniques in this sport gives me a sense of personal satisfaction.
9. Because I believe exercising is absolutely necessary for having a good body.
10. To achieve glory or other things I want through this sport.
11. Because I believe participating in this sport is beneficial for my development in other aspects.
12. Because improving my weaknesses in this sport makes me feel happy.
13. Because I feel excited when participating in this sport.
14. Because I feel good about myself when engaging in this sport.
15. Because I can improve my abilities in this sport and gain satisfaction.
16. Because people around me believe that gaining health through this sport is important.
17. Because through this sport I can learn a lot, and these things will be useful in other aspects of my life.
18. Because I love this sport, and I have intense emotional experiences while practicing it.
19. I am not sure, I think I cannot make a mark in this sport.
20. I feel happy when completing certain high-difficulty moves in this sport.
21. Because I would feel bad if I do not spend time on this sport.
22. To show others that I excel in this sport.
23. Because learning some training techniques that I have never tried in this sport brings me joy.
24. Because I can maintain good relationships with friends through this sport.
25. Because I enjoy the feeling of being fully immersed in this sport.
26. Because I would feel uncomfortable if I cannot participate in this sport regularly.
27. Because discovering new tactics in this sport makes me feel delighted.
28. I often ask myself why I engage in this sport; I seem unable to reach the goals I set for myself.

References

Brière, Vallerand and Blais (1995); Pelletier, Tusond and Fortier (1995); Li & Hammer (1996); Núñez, Martín-Albo and Navarro (2006).