Simple Resilience Scale (10-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC-10) – Chinese Version

Description

The study of psychological resilience has continuously expanded, yet a unified and clear concept is still lacking. Summarizing various scholars’ contributions, definitions can largely be divided into three categories: trait-based definitions, outcome-based definitions, and process-based definitions. Trait-based definitions refer to inherent qualities possessed by individuals that allow them to recover from difficult situations. Outcome-based definitions emphasize the results of overcoming challenges, focusing on the skills individuals employ to tackle difficulties. Process-based definitions describe the dynamic changes individuals undergo while adapting to adversity; this definition is commonly adopted by scholars.

Psychological resilience is an important protective factor against suicidal ideation, defined as the process of maintaining good adaptation or “bouncing back” from difficulties in the face of adversity, trauma, misfortune, threats, and significant stressors. Given its dynamic and malleable nature, resilience is measurable through the 10-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Initially developed by Connor and Davidson with 25 items, it was later simplified by Campbell-Sills and Stein into the CD-RISC-10. The Chinese version, translated and revised by Wang Li et al., is widely applied in China to gauge individuals’ resilience levels. The scale consists of 10 items and utilizes a Likert 5-point scoring method, where 0 represents “never,” 1 represents “rarely,” 2 represents “sometimes,” 3 represents “often,” and 4 represents “always.” The total score is the sum of the scores from each item, indicating the individual’s level of psychological resilience. This scale demonstrates good reliability and validity, with a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.91.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

To measure the psychological resilience levels of individuals.

Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

The scale includes 10 items rated on a Likert 5-point scale. Scores are summed to yield a total score indicative of psychological resilience.

Reliability and Validity

The scale has demonstrated good reliability and validity, with a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.91.

Factors and Subscales

This scale has only one dimension.

Keywords

Psychological resilience, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC-10, mental health, coping

Items in Chinese

1、当事情发生变化时，我能够适应
2、无论人生路途中发生任何事情，我都能处理它
3、面临难题时，我试着去看到事情积极的一面
4、经历磨炼会让我更有力量
5、我很容易从疾病、受伤或困难中恢复过来
6、我相信即使遇到障碍我也能够实现我的目标
7、压力之下，我仍然能够集中精神地思考问题
8、我不会轻易被打败打到
9、在处理生活中的挑战和困难时，我觉得我是个坚强人
10、我能够处理一些不愉快或痛苦的感觉，例如悲伤、生气

Items in English

1. Able to adapt to change
2. Can deal with whatever comes
3. Tries to see humorous side of problems
4. Coping with stress can strengthen me
5. Tend to bounce back after illness or hardship
6. Can achieve goals despite obstacles
7. Can stay focused under pressure
8. Not easily discouraged by failure
9. Thinks of self as strong person
10. Can handle unpleasant feelings

References

董英.维持性血液透析患者心理相关因素与生活质量的研究[D].延安大学,2018.
张丹.以心理弹性为焦点的养老机构老年人自杀意念及干预研究[D].山东大学,2021.DOI:10.27272/d.cnki.gshdu.2021.000445.
Wang L, Shi Z, Zhang Y, et al. Psychometric properties of the 10‐item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale in Chinese earthquake victims[J]. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2010, 64(5): 499-504.
叶增杰,刘美玲,骆东妹,等.10条目简易心理弹性量表在肿瘤患儿父母群体中的信效度检验[J].护理研究,2016,30(33):4118-4122.