Sleep Personal Beliefs and Attitudes Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Many empirical studies conducted in the past regarding sleep quality have indicated that incorrect cognitive beliefs before bedtime, worries and fear of potential insomnia, and selective attention towards certain sleep information play significant roles in the occurrence, development, maintenance, and treatment of insomnia problems. These cognitive factors are collectively referred to as “dysfunctional beliefs about sleep.” Currently, there is no clear and unified definition found in the literature; past research primarily focused on understanding these beliefs through their specific content. In the 1950s, through Rational Emotive Therapy, Ellis defined dysfunctional beliefs about sleep as beliefs that are inconsistent with reality, illogical, and represent an imbalance between self and others. Therefore, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep can be understood as rigid, illogical, and unrealistic thoughts and attitudes related to sleep. Irrational attitudes and perceptions about sleep bring about anticipatory anxiety, heightened physiological and cognitive arousal in patients, thus trapping insomnia issues in a vicious cycle. There is relatively little research in China on dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep; only a few surveys have been conducted in this area.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

The study aims to explore the relationship between irrational sleep beliefs and attitudes with regard to the quality of sleep.

Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS-30) was developed by sleep experts at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, primarily to understand irrational cognitions related to sleep in the subjects. The scale contains 30 items, with a scoring system ranging from 1 to 5. Except for item 23, which is reverse scored, all others are positively scored. A lower score indicates more pronounced irrational beliefs.

Reliability and Validity

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Factors and Subscales

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Keywords

Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, Insomnia, Sleep quality, Cognitive factors, Anxiety

Items in Chinese

1．我需要睡足8小时白天才能够精力充沛和活动良好
2．当我一个晚上没有睡到足够的时间，我需要在第2天午睡或打盹，或晚上睡更长的时间
3．因为我年纪正越来越大，我的睡觉时间应减少
4．我担心如果我一或两个晚上没有睡觉，我可能会“精神崩溃”
5．我担心慢性失眠会对我的身体健康产生严重影响
6．如果我睡在床上时间越多，我通常睡觉时间也越多，第2天我的感觉会更好
7．当我入睡困难或晚上睡后醒来再难以入睡时，我应该睡在床上，努力再睡
8．我担心我正失去控制睡觉的能力
9．因为年纪正越来越大，我应该晚上早上床睡觉
10．在经历一个晚上睡觉不好后，我知道这会影响我第二天白天的活动
11．如果服安眠药能睡好觉或不服药则睡不好，为了使整个白天保持警觉和活动良好，我相信我应该服安眠药
12．我整天烦躁、抑郁和焦虑，是因为我在头一晚没有睡好觉
13．与我同睡的人一躺下就睡着，而且整个晚上睡得很好，我也能够做到
14．我觉得失眠主要是因为年纪越来越大的缘故，对这样一个问题没有什么好办法解决
15．我有时害怕在睡眠中死去
16．当我一个晚上睡觉好，我知道第二个晚上会睡不好
17．当我一个晚上睡不好，我知道这会干扰我整个星期的睡眠时间
18．如果没有足够的睡眠时间，第二天我的精力和活动都差
19．我不能够预测晚上我睡得好还是睡得不好
20．我对睡眠被干扰后的负面影响无能为力
21．我整天感到疲劳，无精打采，活动差，原因是我头天晚上没有睡好觉
22．我整天头脑里想着晚上睡觉的问题，经常感到无法控制这种混乱思维
23．虽然我睡眠困难，但我仍然过着一种满意的生活
24．我相信失眠主要是体内化学物质不平衡的结果
25．我感到失眠正在破坏我享受生活乐趣的能力，并使我不能做我想做的事
26．临睡前喝酒是解决睡眠问题的好办法
27．安眠药物是解决睡眠问题的惟一办法
28．我的睡眠越来越差，我不相信有人能够帮助我
29．从外表可以看出我的睡眠不好
30．在睡不好之后，我避免或取消要承担责任的事或工作（包括社会与家庭方面）

Items in English

1. I need to sleep for 8 hours during the day to feel energetic and perform well.
2. If I don’t get enough sleep one night, I need to nap or doze the next day, or sleep longer that night.
3. Because I’m getting older, I should reduce my sleeping time.
4. I’m worried that if I don’t sleep for one or two nights, I might “break down mentally.”
5. I’m worried that chronic insomnia will have serious effects on my physical health.
6. The more time I spend in bed, the more I usually sleep, and I feel better the next day.
7. When I have trouble falling asleep or wake up in the night, I should stay in bed and try to sleep again.
8. I’m worried that I’m losing control over my ability to sleep.
9. Because I’m getting older, I should go to bed earlier.
10. After a night of poor sleep, I know it will affect my activities the next day.
11. If taking sleeping pills lets me sleep well or not taking them means I won’t sleep well, I believe I should take sleeping pills to stay alert and active throughout the day.
12. I’m irritable, depressed, and anxious all day because I didn’t sleep well the night before.
13. My sleep partner falls asleep as soon as they lie down and sleeps well all night; I can do that too.
14. I think insomnia is mainly due to getting older, and there’s nothing good I can do about it.
15. Sometimes I fear dying in my sleep.
16. When I sleep well one night, I know I’ll sleep poorly the second night.
17. When I don’t sleep well one night, I know it will disrupt my sleep for the entire week.
18. If I don’t get enough sleep, my energy and performance the next day are poor.
19. I cannot predict whether I will sleep well or poorly at night.
20. I feel powerless against the negative effects of sleep disturbances.
21. I feel tired, unmotivated, and unproductive all day because I didn’t sleep well the night before.
22. I think about sleep issues all day and often feel unable to control my chaotic thoughts.
23. Although I have difficulty sleeping, I still live a satisfying life.
24. I believe that insomnia is primarily the result of an imbalance in chemicals in the body.
25. I feel that insomnia is destroying my ability to enjoy life and preventing me from doing what I want to do.
26. Drinking alcohol before bed is a good way to solve sleep problems.
27. Sleeping medication is the only solution for sleep issues.
28. My sleep is getting worse, and I don’t believe anyone can help me.
29. You can tell from my appearance that I haven’t slept well.
30. After a poor night’s sleep, I avoid or cancel responsibilities at work or in social and family settings.

References

韦玉娟. 冥想训练对社区老年高血压病患者睡眠质量的影响研究[D].
肖柳婷. 睡眠不合理信念,情绪调节方式和睡眠质量关系研究[D]. 2016.
梁学军,戴光明,郑健.综合医院心理门诊失眠症患者认知心理分析[J].临床神经电生理学杂志,2008(02):90-92.