SF-36 v2 Health Survey – Chinese Version

Description

With the shift in the disease spectrum and a reevaluation of health concepts, traditional healthcare indicators are insufficient for a comprehensive assessment of the impact of diseases and treatment outcomes. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important health evaluation indicator that comprehensively reflects the physical, psychological, and social impacts that diseases and treatments have on patients. In the late 1970s, the concept of quality of life from sociology was introduced into the medical field to actively explore the effects of diseases and treatments on quality of life, leading to the formation of the HRQoL research area. HRQoL is a new health evaluation technique that measures the subjective health status and satisfaction of individuals related to life events within specific cultural and value systems, influenced by diseases, accidental injuries, and medical interventions.

This approach effectively addresses the shortcomings of traditional healthcare valuation methods and their indicator systems, which are limited to preserving life and improving local physical functions, and it cannot comprehensively evaluate health outcomes. HRQoL has been widely applied in assessing population health status, evaluating disease burden, comparing clinical treatment methods, selecting treatment plans for patients, and making decisions regarding health resource allocation and utilization, thereby becoming a research focus in healthcare services.

In 1991, the SF-36 scale was selected as the measurement tool for the international quality of life evaluation project. To date, SF-36 has developed its language versions in over 40 countries, and reference norms have been established in 13 countries, making it one of the mainstream standardized scales for measuring health-related quality of life internationally. In 1996, the SF-36v2 scale was developed. The new version is easier to understand and answer, results are easier to interpret, and it has improved measurement precision and sensitivity as well as the scale’s translation and cross-cultural adaptation capabilities. The SF-36v2 scale includes 36 items and assesses health-related quality of life across 8 dimensions: 生理功能 (PF) – Physical Functioning, 生理职能 (RP) – Role-Physical, 躯体疼痛 (BP) – Bodily Pain, 总体健康 (GH) – General Health, 活力 (VT) – Vitality, 社会功能 (SF) – Social Functioning, 情感职能 (RE) – Role-Emotional, and 精神健康 (MH) – Mental Health. Additionally, it includes one health change (HT) item.

Scores for each of the 8 dimensions can be calculated to derive Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores. Scores on each dimension significantly decline with increasing age, with healthy populations without chronic diseases scoring significantly higher than those with chronic diseases. Recent patients, who consulted a doctor in the last two weeks, have significantly lower scores than those who did not. The correlation coefficient between the total score of the SF-36v2 scale and the Visual Analog Scale of general health perception is 0.74, and with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (Brief) total score is 0.76. Common chronic diseases severely impair patients’ health-related quality of life, with varying impacts on dimensions and degrees of HRQoL; overall, the physical aspects are affected more than the psychological aspects, indicating that HRQoL is an independent protective factor for healthcare service needs and utilization among chronic disease populations. This provides subjective health assessment information for chronic disease intervention in communities.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

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Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

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Reliability and Validity

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Factors and Subscales

The SF-36v2 scale includes the following dimensions:
– 生理功能 (PF) – Physical Functioning
– 生理职能 (RP) – Role-Physical
– 躯体疼痛 (BP) – Bodily Pain
– 总体健康 (GH) – General Health
– 活力 (VT) – Vitality
– 社会功能 (SF) – Social Functioning
– 情感职能 (RE) – Role-Emotional
– 精神健康 (MH) – Mental Health

Keywords

Health-related quality of life, SF-36v2, chronic disease, healthcare evaluation, physical health, mental health.

Items in Chinese

1. 总的来说,你认为你的健康状况:
– 棒极了
– 很好
– 好
– 过得去
– 糟糕

2. 与一年前相比,你如何评价现在的健康状况?
– 比一年前好多了
– 比一年前好一点
– 和一年前差不多
– 比一年前差一点
– 比一年前差多了

3. 下列项目是你平常在一天中可能做的事情。你现在的健康限制你从事这些活动吗？如果是的话，程度如何
3a. 高强度活动,如跑步、举重物、参与剧烈运动
3b. 中等度活动,如移动桌子,推动真空吸尘器(或拖地板)、打保龄球、打高尔夫球(或打太极拳）
3c. 举或搬运杂物
3d. 爬数层楼梯
3e. 爬一层楼梯
3f. 弯腰、屈膝
3g. 步行 1500 米以上
3h. 步行几个路口
3i. 步行一个路口
3j. 自己洗澡或穿衣

4. 在过去4周，你有多少时间因为生理健康原因，在工作或从事其他日常活动时有下列问题？
4a. 减少了工作或从事其他活动的时间
4b. 减少了工作量或活动量
4c. 从事工作或其他活动的种类受限
4d. 从事工作或其他活动有困难(如,费劲)

5. 在过去4周,你有多少时间因为任何情感问题(如感到抑郁或焦虑)，在工作或从事其他日常活动时有下列问题?
5a. 减少了工作或从事其他活动的时间
5b. 减少了工作量或活动量
5c. 从事工作或其他活动不像平常那么专心

6. 在过去4周,你的生理健康或情感问题在何种程度上干扰了你与家人、朋友、邻居,或团体的正常社会活动?

7. 在过去4周,你经受了多少躯体疼痛?

8. 在过去4周,疼痛在多大程度上干扰了你的正常工作(包括户外工作和家务劳动)?

9. 这些问题将问及你在过去4周的感觉和情感体验。对每一个问题，请给出与你想法最接近的一个答案。
9a. 你觉得干劲十足？
9b. 你非常紧张？
9c. 你感到情绪低落、沮丧,怎么也快乐不起来？
9d. 你觉得平静、安适?
9e. 你觉得精力旺盛？
9f. 你感到心灰意冷吗?
9g. 你觉得累极了?
9h. 你快乐吗?
9i. 你觉得疲劳吗?

10. 在过去 4 周,有多少时间你的社会活动(如访问朋友,亲戚等)受你的生理健康或情感问题的影响?

11. 下列每一种情形与你实际情况符合的程度如何？
11a. 和其他人相比,我似乎更容易生病
11b. 我和我认识的人一样健康
11c. 我预计我的健康状况将变得更差
11d. 我的身体棒极了

Items in English

1. Overall, how would you rate your health status?
– Excellent
– Very good
– Good
– Fair
– Poor

2. How do you rate your current health status compared to one year ago?
– Much better than a year ago
– A little better than a year ago
– About the same as a year ago
– A little worse than a year ago
– Much worse than a year ago

3. The following items are things you may do in a day. Does your health now limit you from these activities? If yes, to what extent?
3a. Vigorous activities, such as running, lifting heavy objects, participating in strenuous sports
3b. Moderate activities, like moving a table, vacuuming (or mopping), bowling, golfing (or practicing Tai Chi)
3c. Lifting or carrying groceries
3d. Climbing several flights of stairs
3e. Climbing one flight of stairs
3f. Bending, kneeling
3g. Walking more than 1500 meters
3h. Walking several blocks
3i. Walking one block
3j. Bathing or dressing yourself

4. In the past 4 weeks, how much time have you had the following problems due to physical health reasons while working or performing other daily activities?
4a. Reduced time spent on work or other activities
4b. Reduced amount of work or activities
4c. Limited types of work or activities
4d. Difficulty performing work or other activities (e.g., increased effort)

5. In the past 4 weeks, how much time have you had the following problems due to emotional issues (like feeling depressed or anxious) while working or performing other daily activities?
5a. Reduced time spent on work or other activities
5b. Reduced amount of work or activities
5c. Not as focused in performing work or other activities

6. In the past 4 weeks, how much did your physical health or emotional problems interfere with your normal social activities with family, friends, neighbors, or groups?

7. How much bodily pain have you experienced in the past 4 weeks?

8. To what extent has pain interfered with your normal work (including both work outside the home and housework) in the past 4 weeks?

9. The following questions will inquire about your feelings and emotional experiences in the past 4 weeks. For each question, please provide the answer that best corresponds to your thoughts.
9a. Did you feel full of energy?
9b. Did you feel very nervous?
9c. Did you feel downhearted and depressed, unable to feel happy?
9d. Did you feel peaceful and relaxed?
9e. Did you feel very energetic?
9f. Did you feel hopeless?
9g. Did you feel exhausted?
9h. Did you feel happy?
9i. Did you feel fatigued?

10. How much time in the past 4 weeks did your social activities (such as visiting friends and relatives) get affected by your physical health or emotional problems?

11. How much do each of the following statements apply to your actual condition?
11a. Compared to others, I seem to get sick more easily
11b. I am as healthy as people I know
11c. I expect my health to get worse
11d. My physical condition is excellent

References

姜敏敏. SF-36v2量表在中国人群的性能测试、常模制定及慢性病应用研究［D］.杭州：浙江大学，2008.