Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Gender roles differ from biological sex, which refers to being male or female. Instead, gender roles pertain to how individuals should behave as men or women, encompassing the responsibilities assigned to each. These roles are shaped by societal expectations based on historical and cultural contexts, which dictate various norms and standards of behavior for different genders. Traditional female gender roles include traits such as being nurturing, selfless, emotional, gentle, concerned about others’ welfare, and relationship-oriented. On the other hand, traditional male gender roles include competitiveness, confidence, logic, independence, and a focus on interests and outcomes (Eagly & Wood, 2012; Mueller & Dato-on, 2008).

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

The concept of gender role conflict stems from inconsistent pressures individuals face in adhering to traditional gender roles. Gender role conflict (gender role conflict) refers to the psychological state experienced by individuals who encounter negative outcomes as a result of violating traditional gender role expectations. This conflict can lead to negative emotions stemming from being criticized and restricted for not fitting into traditional roles (O’Neil, 2008).

Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

The Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale (MGRS), created by Eisler & Skidmore in 1987, is used to measure male gender role conflict. The scale consists of 40 items grouped into five dimensions: physical inadequacy, insufficient expression of emotions, being subordinate to women, intellectual inferiority, and experiencing failure. Each item is rated on a Likert scale from 1 to 7, where 1 indicates no stress, and 7 indicates extreme stress. The overall score is calculated as the average of all item scores, with higher scores indicating greater perceived male gender role conflict. The internal consistency reliability of the scale is 0.956, indicating good reliability.

Reliability and Validity

The internal consistency reliability of the Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale is reported to be 0.956, demonstrating that the scale has good reliability.

Factors and Subscales

The scale includes the following dimensions:
– 身体上的不足 (Physical inadequacy)
– 柔性情绪情感的表达不足 (Insufficient expression of emotional flexibility)
– 从属于女性 (Subordination to women)
– 智力上的自卑感 (Intellectual inferiority)
– 表现失败 (Experiencing failure)

Keywords

Gender roles, gender role conflict, psychological health, Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale (MGRS), emotional well-being, social expectations.

Items in Chinese

1. 你感觉身体状况不太好。
2. 对你的爱人说你爱他/她。
3. 在工作中被一个女性超越。
4. 迷路时不得不问路。
5. 你失业了。
6. 你的爱人说她/他对你的床上表现不满意。
7. 告诉别人你因为他/她说的话而感到受伤。
8. 你的老板是女性。
9. 和比你志向更为远大的人一起工作。
10. 你赚不到足够的钱。
11. 你被别人认为是“同性恋”。
12. 承认你害怕某件事某种东西（比如怕黑，恐高）。
13. 让女性掌控局面。
14. 娶一个收入比你高的人。
15. 和女权主义者聊天。
16. 你发现自己缺乏成功的条件。
17. 你在体育比赛里输了。
18. 让你的孩子看到你在哭泣。
19. 你不能进行性行为。
20. 和一位比你成功的女性做朋友。
21. 别人说你优柔寡断。
22. 当你的爱人想和你发生关系但你觉得太累了做不了。
23. 你被别人认为有女性特征。
24. 在游戏中输给了一个女性。
25. 和一个正在哭泣的女性谈话。
26. 你与朋友相比显得缺乏运动。
27. 别人说你太情绪化。
28. 需要你的伴侣工作才能撑起一个家。
29. 当你想发生关系时你的身体却不能唤起。
30. 你与其他男性相比缺乏优势。
31. 安慰一个沮丧的男性朋友。
32. 告诉你的朋友是你在承担家务活。
33. 和比你聪明的人一起工作。
34. 你错过了升职的机会。
35. 你酒量比不过别人。
36. 让一个男人搂住你的肩膀。
37. 和一个比你个子高很多的女性在一起。
38. 你找不到性伴侣。
39. 独自在家照顾生病的小孩。
40. 你被开除了。

Items in English

1. Feeling that you are not in good physical condition.
2. Telling your spouse that you love her/him.
3. Being outperformed at work by a woman.
4. Having to ask for directions when you are lost.
5. Being unemployed.
6. Your lover saying that she/he is not satisfied with your performance in bed.
7. Telling someone that you feel hurt by what they said.
8. Having a female boss.
9. Working with people who seem more ambitious than you.
10. Not making enough money.
11. Being perceived by someone as “gay” or “lesbian”.
12. Admitting that you are afraid of something (such as the dark, heights).
13. Letting a woman take control of the situation.
14. Marrying someone who makes more money than you.
15. Talking with a feminist.
16. Finding you lack the occupational skills to succeed.
17. Losing in a sports competition.
18. Letting your children see you cry.
19. Being unable to perform sexually.
20. Being friends with a woman who is more successful than you.
21. Having people say that you are indecisive.
22. Being too tired for sex when your lover initiates it.
23. Being perceived as having feminine traits.
24. Losing in a game to a woman.
25. Talking with a woman who is crying.
26. Appearing less athletic than a friend.
27. Having others say that you are too emotional.
28. Needing your spouse to work to help support the family.
29. Being unable to become sexually aroused when you want.
30. Being compared unfavorably to men.
31. Comforting a male friend who is upset.
32. Admitting to your friends that you do housework.
33. Working with people who are brighter than yourself.
34. Getting passed over for a promotion.
35. Knowing you cannot hold your liquor as well as others.
36. Having a man put his arm around your shoulder.
37. Being with a woman who is much taller than you.
38. Staying home during the day with a sick child.
39. Getting fired from your job.

References

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