9-Item Depression Module of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 – Chinese Version

Description

Depressive symptoms represent a negative emotional state characterized primarily by significant mood depression and lack of pleasure. The main manifestations include pessimism, unhappiness, a sense of despair towards the world, and feelings of helplessness. It is important to note that an individual’s self-assessment of depressive symptoms does not equate to a diagnosis of depression made by a clinical psychiatrist.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

This scale primarily assesses depressive symptoms experienced by respondents over the past two weeks.

Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

The scale comprises 9 items, assessing various aspects such as anhedonia, depressive mood, sleep disturbances, fatigue, appetite fluctuation, feelings of worthlessness, attention changes, psychomotor agitation/retardation, and suicidal thoughts. It uses a Likert 4-point scoring method:
– “0分” (0 days)
– “1分” (1-3 days)
– “2分” (4-6 days)
– “3分” (almost every day)
A higher total score indicates more severe depressive symptoms. Research findings suggest that when the total score of PHQ-9 is ≥10, its sensitivity and specificity in identifying depressive symptoms are 86% and 94%, respectively.

Reliability and Validity

Research has demonstrated that this scale can be utilized across different populations.

Factors and Subscales

The scale evaluates the following dimensions:
– 快感缺失 (Anhedonia)
– 抑郁心境 (Depressive Mood)
– 睡眠障碍 (Sleep Disturbances)
– 疲乏 (Fatigue)
– 食欲好坏 (Appetite Changes)
– 愧疚感 (Feelings of Worthlessness)
– 注意力变化 (Attention Changes)
– 动作快慢 (Psychomotor Agitation/Retardation)
– 自杀意念 (Suicidal Thoughts)

Keywords

Depressive symptoms, Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9, emotional state, mental health.

Items in Chinese

1、做事时提不起劲或没有兴趣
2、感到心情低落、沮丧或绝望
3、入睡困难、睡不安或睡眠或多
4、感觉疲倦或没有活力
5、食欲不振或吃太多
6、觉得自己很糟——或觉得自己很失败，或让自己或家人失望
7、对事物专注有困难，例如阅读报纸或看电视时
8、动作或说话速度缓慢到别人已经觉察？或正好相反——烦躁或坐立不安、动来动去的情况更胜于平常
9、有不如死掉或用某种方式伤害自己的念头

Items in English

1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things
2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless
3. Trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much
4. Feeling tired or having little energy
5. Poor appetite or overeating
6. Feeling bad about yourself – or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down
7. Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television
8. Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? Or the opposite – being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual
9. Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself in some way

References

王美.脉管畸形患儿照顾者心理应激反应与认知固着的关系[D].山东大学,2022.DOI:10.27272/d.cnki.gshdu.2022.005860.