UCLA Loneliness Scale
Russell et al‚ 1978
1. I am unhappy doing so many things alone
2. I have nobody to talk to
3. I cannot tolerate being so alone
4. I lack companionship
5. I feel as if nobody really understands me
6. I find myself waiting for people to call or write
7. There is no one I can turn to
8. I am no longer close to anyone
9. My interests and ideas are not shared by those around me
10.I feel left out
11.I feel completely alone
12.I am unable to reach out and communicate with those around me
13.My social relationships are superficial
14.I feel starved for company
15.No one really knows me well
16.I feel isolated from others
17.I am unhappy being so withdrawn
18.It is difficult for me to make friends
19.I feel shut out and excluded by others
20.People are around me but not with me
O’s =3‚ all S’s =2‚ all R’s =1‚ and all N’s =0
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Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale
Russell et al‚ 1980
1. I feel in tune with the people around me
2. I lack companionship
3. There is no one I can turn to
4. I do not feel alone
5. I feel part of a group of friends
6. I have a lot in common with the people around me
7. I am no longer close to anyone
8. My interests and ideas are not shared by those around me
9. I am an outgoing person
10.There are people I feel close to
11.I feel left out
12.My social relationships arc superficial
13.No one really knows me well
14.I feel isolated from others
15.I can find companionship when I want it
16.There are people who really understand me
17.I am unhappy being so withdrawn
18.People are around me but not with me
19.There are people I can talk to
20.There are people I can turn to
1 “Never”‚ 2 “Rarely”‚ 3 “Sometimes”‚ 4 “Often”
Items 1‚ 5‚ 6‚ 9‚ 10‚ 15‚ 16‚ 19‚ 20 are all reverse scored
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UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3
Russell et al‚ 1996
1. How often do you feel that you are “in tune” with the people around you?
2. How often do you feel that you lack companionship?
3. How often do you feel that there is no one you can turn to?
4. How often do you feel alone?
5. How often do you feel part of a group of friends?
6. How often do you feel that you have a lot in common with the people around you?
7. How often do you feel that you are no longer close to anyone?
8. How often do you feel that your interests and ideas are not shared by those around you?
9. How often do you feel outgoing and friendly?
10.How often do you feel close to people?
11.How often do you feel left out?
12.How often do you feel that your relationships with others are not meaningful?
13.How often do you feel that no one really knows you well?
14.How often do you feel isolated from others?
15.How often do you fee1 you can find companionship when you want it?
16.How often do you feel that there are people who really understand you?
17.How often do you feel shy?
18.How often do you feel that people are around you but not with you?
19.How often do you feel that there are people you can talk to?
20.How often do you feel that there are people you can turn to?
1 “Never”‚ 2 “Rarely”‚ 3 “Sometimes”‚ 4 “Often”
Items 1‚ 5‚ 6‚ 9‚ 10‚ 15‚ 16‚ 19‚ 20 are all reverse scored
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The UCLA 3-Item Loneliness Scale
Hughes et al‚ 2004
1. How often do you feel that you lack companionship?
2. How often do you feel left out?
3. How often do you feel isolated from others?
1 “Hardly ever”‚ 2 “Some of the time”‚ 3 “Often”
This instrument can be found at: http://fetzer.org/sites/default/files/images/stories/pdf/selfmeasures/Self_Measures_for_Love_and_Compassion_Research_LONELINESS_AND_INTERPERSONAL_PROBLEMS.pdf & http://www.campaigntoendloneliness.org/wp-content/uploads/Loneliness-Measurement-Guidance1.pdf
Russell‚ D ‚ Peplau‚ L. A.. & Ferguson‚ M. L. (1978). Developing a measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment‚ 42‚ 290-294.
Russell‚ D ‚ Peplau‚ L. A..‚ & Cutrona‚ C. E. (1980). The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminate validity evidence. Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology‚ 39‚ 472-480.
Russell‚ D. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability‚ validity‚ and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment‚ 66‚ 20-40.
Hughes‚ Mary E.‚ Linda J. Waite‚ Louise C. Hawkley‚ and John T. Cacioppo. (2004). A Short Scale for Measuring Loneliness in Large Surveys: Results From Two Population-Based Studies. Research on Aging‚ 26(6)‚ 655-72.