Why Do You Practice Your Sport?
1. For the pleasure I feel in living exciting experiences.
2. For the pleasure it gives me to know more about the sport that I practice.
3. I used to have good reasons for doing sports‚ but now I am asking myself if I should continue doing it.
4. For the pleasure of discovering new training techniques.
5. I don’t know anymore; I have the impression that I am incapable of succeeding in this sport.
6. Because it allows me to be well regarded by people that I know.
7. Because‚ in my opinion‚ it is one of the best ways to meet people.
8. Because I feel a lot of personal satisfaction while mastering certain difficult training techniques.
9. Because it is absolutely necessary to do sports if one wants to be in shape.
10.For the prestige of being an athlete.
11.Because it is one of the best ways I have chosen to develop other aspects of myself.
12.For the pleasure I feel while improving some of my weak points.
13.For the excitement I feel when I am really involved in the activity.
14.Because I must do sports to feel good about myself.
15.For the satisfaction I experience while I am perfecting my abilities.
16.Because people around me think it is important to be in shape.
17.Because it is a good way to learn lots of things which could be useful to me in other areas of my life.
18.For the intense emotions that I feel while I am doing a sport that I like.
19.It is not clear to me anymore; I don’t really think my place is in sport.
20.For the pleasure that I feel while executing certain difficult movements.
21.Because I would feel bad if I was not taking time to do it.
22.To show others how good I am at my sport.
23.For the pleasure that I feel while learning training techniques that I have never tried before.
24.Because it is one of the best ways to maintain good relationships with my friends.
25.Because I like the feeling of being totally immersed in the activity.
26.Because I must do sports regularly.
27.For the pleasure of discovering new performance strategies.
28.I often ask myself; I can’t seem to achieve the goals that I set for myself.
Sport motivation scale-6 (SMS-6)
Mallett et al‚ 2007
1. For the excitement I feel when I am really involved in the activity
2. Because it’s part of the way in which I’ve chosen to live my life
3. Because it is a good way to learn lots of things which could be useful to me in other areas of my life
4. Because it allows me to be well regarded by people that I know
5. I don’t know anymore; I have the impression of being incapable of succeeding in this sport
6. Because I feel a lot of personal satisfaction while mastering certain difficult training techniques
7. Because it is absolutely necessary to do sports if one wants to be in shape
8. Because it is one of the best ways I have chosen to develop other aspects of my life
9. Because it is an extension of me
10.Because I must do sports to feel good about myself
11.For the prestige of being an athlete
12.I don’t know if I want to continue to invest my time and effort as much in my sport anymore
13.Because participation in my sport is consistent with my deepest principles
14.For the satisfaction I experience while I am perfecting my abilities
15.Because it is one of the best ways to maintain good relationships with my friends
16.Because I would feel bad if I was not taking time to do it
17.It is not clear to me anymore; I don’t really think my place is in sport
18.For the pleasure of discovering new performance strategies
19.For the material and/or social benefits of being an athlete
20.Because training hard will improve my performance
21.Because participation in my sport is an integral part of my life
22.I don’t seem to be enjoying my sport as much as I previously did
23.Because I must do sports regularly
24.To show others how good I am at my sport
Revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II)
1. Because it gives me pleasure to learn more about my sport.
2. Because it is very interesting to learn how I can improve.
3. Because I find it enjoyable to discover new performance strategies.
4. Because practicing sports reflects the essence of whom I am.
5. Because through sport‚ I am living in line with my deepest principles.
6. Because participating in sport is an integral part of my life.
7. Because it is one of the best ways I have chosen to develop other aspects of myself.
8. Because I have chosen this sport as a way to develop myself.
9. Because I found it is a good way to develop aspects of myself that I value.
10.Because I would feel bad about myself if I did not take the time to do it.
11.Because I feel better about myself when I do.
12.Because I would not feel worthwhile if I did not.
13.Because people I care about would be upset with me if I did not.
14.Because people around me reward me when I do.
15.Because I think others would disapprove of me if I did not.
16.I used to have good reasons for doing sports‚ but now I am asking myself if I should continue.
17.I don’t know anymore; I have the impression that I am incapable of succeeding in this sport.
18.It is not clear to me anymore; I don’t really think my place is in sport.
Intrinsic motivation (to know‚ to accomplishment‚ to experience stimulation)‚ Extrinsic motivation (identified‚ introjected‚ external regulation)‚ amotivation
1= Does not apply at all to 5= Applies exactly
Intrinsic motivation – to know (items 2‚ 4‚ 23‚ 27)‚ Intrinsic motivation – to accomplish (items 8‚ 12‚ 15‚ 20)‚ Intrinsic motivation – to experience stimulation (items 1‚ 13‚ 18‚ 25)‚ Extrinsic motivation – identified (items 7‚ 11‚ 17‚ 24)‚ Extrinsic motivation – introjected (items 9‚ 14‚ 21‚ 26)‚ Extrinsic motivation – external regulation (items 6‚ 10‚ 16‚ 22)‚ Amotivation (items 3‚ 5‚ 19‚ 28)
SMS-6:
Amotivation (items 5‚ 12‚ 17‚ 22)‚ Identified Regulation (items 3‚ 8‚ 15‚ 20)‚ External Regulation (items 4‚ 11‚ 19‚ 24)‚ Integrated Regulation (items 2‚ 9‚ 13‚ 21)‚ Introjected Regulation (items 7‚ 10‚ 16‚ 23). Intrinsic Motivation (items 1‚ 6‚ 14‚ and 18)
Revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II):
Intrinsic regulation (items 1‚ 2‚ 3)‚ Integrated regulation (items 4‚ 5‚ 6)‚ Identified regulation (items 7‚ 8‚ 9)‚ Introjected regulation (items 10‚ 11‚ 12)‚ External regulation (items 13‚ 14‚ 15)‚ Amotivated regulation (items 16‚ 17 and 18)
This instrument can be found at: http://www.lrcs.uqam.ca/scales/ems28_en.doc & http://www.lrcs.uqam.ca/papers/Pelletier2013.pdf & http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1469029212001410 & Mallett et al‚ 2007
Vallerand‚ R.J.‚ Pelletier‚ L. G.‚ Blaise‚ M. R.‚ Briére‚ N. M.‚ Senécal‚ C.‚ & Valliéres‚ E. F. (1992) The academic motivation scale: A measure of intrinsic‚ extrinsic and amotivation in education. Educational and Psychological Measurement‚ 52‚ 1003–1019.
Pelletier‚ L.‚ Fortier‚ M.‚ Vallerand‚ R.‚ Tuson‚ K.‚ Brière‚ N.‚ & Blais‚ M. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation‚ extrinsic motivation‚ and amotivation in sports: the sport motivation scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology‚ 17‚ 35-54.
Pelletier‚ L.G.‚ Fortier‚ M.S.‚ Vallerand‚ R.J.‚ & Briére‚ N.M. (2001) Associations among perceived autonomy support‚ forms of self-regulation‚ and persistence: a prospective study. Motivation and Emotion‚ 25‚ 279-306.
Mallett‚ C. J.‚ Kawabata‚ M.‚ Newcombe‚ P.‚ Otero-Forero‚ A.‚ & Jackson‚ S. (2007). Sport Motivation Scale-6 (SMS-6): A revised six-factor sport motivation scale. Psychology of Sport and Exercise‚ 8‚ 600–614.
Sarrazin‚ P.‚ Vallerand‚ R.J.‚ Guillet‚ E.‚ Pelletier‚ L.G.‚ & Cury‚ F. (2002) Motivation and dropout in female handballers: a 21-month prospective study. European Journal of Social Psychology‚ 32‚ 395-418.
Sarrazin‚ P.‚ Vallerand‚ R.J.‚ Pelletier‚ L.G. (2007). The revised six-factor Sport Motivation Scale (Mallett‚ Kawabata‚ Newcombe‚ Otero-Forero‚ & Jackson‚ 2007): Something old‚ something new‚ and something borrowed. Psychology of Sport and Exercise‚ 8‚ 615–621
Pelletier‚ L. G.‚ Rocchi‚ M. A.‚ Vallerand‚ R.J.‚ Deci‚ E. L.‚ Ryan‚ Richard M. (2013). Validation of the revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II). Psychology of Sport and Exercise‚ 14‚ 329-341.