This section contains statements about your mother and/or mother figure. Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the statement by circling the letter next to it.
Before you begin‚ please circle the letter indicating which female raised you the most while you were growing up and respond to the following statements with that person in mind.
1. The woman who raised me the most while I was growing up was:
A. Biological MotherB. Adopted MotherC. Foster MotherD. Step MotherE. GrandmotherF. SisterG. AuntH. Female CousinI. Other Female Relative: __________________J. None Skip to #22 if selected
2. Even if I didn’t agree with her‚ my mother felt that it was for my own good if I was forced to conform to what she thought was right:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
3. As I was growing up‚ I knew what my mother expected of me‚ but I also felt free to discuss those expectations with my mother if I felt that they were unreasonable:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
4. As I was growing up‚ I had no idea what my mother expected of me:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
5. While I was growing up my mother felt that children should have their way in the family as often as the parents do:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
6. Whenever my mother told me to do something‚ she expected me to do it immediately without asking any questions:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
7. As I was growing up‚ my mother consistently gave me direction and guidance in rational and objective ways:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
8. My mother never gave me any guidance as I was growing up:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
9. My mother felt that children need to be free to make up their own minds and do what they want to do‚ even if parents might not agree:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
10. My mother always felt that more force should be used by parents in order to get their children to behave the way they are supposed to:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
11. My mother gave me direction for my behavior and activities as I was growing up and she expected me to follow her direction‚ but she was always willing to listen to my concerns:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. Disagree
12. I feel like I raised myself more than my mother raised me:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
13. Most of the time as I was growing up my mother did what I wanted her to do when making decisions:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
14. As I was growing up‚ my mother let me know what behavior she expected of me‚ and if I didn’t meet those expectations‚ she would punish me:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
15. As I was growing up‚ my mother gave me clear direction for my behaviors and activities‚ but she was also understanding when I disagreed with her:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
16. I don’t know my mother’s views about discipline because she never communicated them with me:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
17. As I was growing up‚ my mother allowed me to decide most things for myself without a lot of direction from her:
A. Strongly Agree
B. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
18. As I was growing up‚ I knew what my mother expected of me and she insisted that I conform to those expectations simply out of respect for her authority:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
19. As I was growing up‚ if my mother made a decision in the family that hurt me‚ she was willing to discuss that decision with me and admit if she had made a mistake:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
20. I did not learn effective communication skills from my mother:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
21. As I was growing up‚ my mother allowed me to form my own point of view on family matters and she generally allowed me to decide for myself what I was going to do:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
Section II:
This section contains statements about your father and/or father figure. Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the statement by circling the letter next to it.
Before you begin‚ please circle the letter indicating which male raised you the most while you were growing up and respond to the following statements with that person in mind.
22. The man who raised me the most while I was growing up was:
A. Biological FatherB. Adopted FatherC. Foster FatherD. Step FatherE. GrandfatherF. BrotherG. UncleH. Male CousinI. Other Male Relative: __________________J. None Skip to Section III if selected
23. Even if I didn’t agree with him‚ my father felt that it was for my own good if I was forced to conform to what he thought was right:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
24. As I was growing up‚ I knew what my father expected of me‚ but I also felt free to discuss those expectations with my father if I felt that they were unreasonable:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
25. As I was growing up‚ I had no idea what my father expected of me:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
26. While I was growing up‚ my father felt that children should have their way in the family as often as the parents do:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
27. My father always felt that more force should be used by parents in order to get their children to behave the way they are supposed to:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
28. As I was growing up‚ my father consistently gave me direction and guidance in rational and objective ways:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
29. My father never gave me any guidance as I was growing up:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
30. My father felt that children need to be free to make up their own minds and do what they want to do‚ even if parents might not agree:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
31. My father felt that wise parents should teach their children who the boss is in the family:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
32. My father had clear standards of behavior for me as I was growing up‚ but he was willing to adjust those standards to my needs:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
33. I feel like I raised myself more than my father raised me:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
34. Most of the time as I was growing up my father did what I wanted her to do when making decisions:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
35. My father has always felt that most problems in society would be solved if we could get parents to strictly and forcibly deal with their children when they don’t do what they are supposed to do:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
36. My father gave me direction for my behavior and activities as I was growing up and he expected me to follow his direction‚ but he was always willing to listen to my concerns:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
37. I did not learn discipline from my father:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
38. As I was growing up‚ my father allowed me to decide most things for myself without a lot of direction from him:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
39. As I was growing up‚ I knew what my father expected of me and he insisted that I conform to those expectations simply out of respect for his authority:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
40. As I was growing up‚ my father gave me clear direction for my behaviors and activities‚ but he was also understanding when I disagreed with him:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
41. As I was growing up‚ my father did not direct my behaviors‚ activities‚ and desires:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
42. As I was growing up‚ my father allowed me to form my own point of view on family matters and he generally allowed me to decide for myself what I was going to do:
A. Strongly AgreeB. AgreeC. Neither Agree Nor DisagreeD. DisagreeE. Strongly Disagree
I am interested in who was responsible for raising you while you were growing up. In the following question‚ “parents” refers to the individuals who you consider to be your mother and father.
43. When I was growing up‚ I lived with:
A. Two parents; both parents lived there and were involved in raising meB. My mother‚ but my father was also involved in raising meC. My father‚ but my mother was also involved in raising meD. My mother‚ and she was the only one who raised meE. My father‚ and he was the only one who raised meF. Neither of my parents were involved in raising meG. Other (please explain) ______________________________________
Section III:
This section contains questions asking about behaviors that you may or may not have engaged in. Please answer questions as honestly as possible.
Read the following events and mark the “Have you ever?” box with an “X” if you have engaged in that activity. Then estimate the number of times that you have engaged in the activity and place the NUMBER in the box.
Action |
Have you ever? |
How many times? |
Hurt someone badly enough that they needed medical treatment |
||
Purposely damaged or destroyed property belonging to another person |
||
Paid to have sexual relations with another person |
||
Set off a fire alarm for fun |
||
Ran away from home while under the age of 18 |
||
Used a weapon to threaten another person |
||
Stolen (or tried to steal) a motor vehicle‚ such as a car or motorcycle |
||
Been paid for having sexual relations with someone |
||
Carried a gun without a permit |
||
Lied about your age to gain entrance or to purchase something (e.g.‚ lying about your age to buy liquor or get into a bar) |
||
Purposely killed someone |
||
Stolen (or tried to steal) something worth more than $50 |
||
Sold marijuana |
||
Thrown objects (such as rocks‚ snowballs‚ or bottles) at cars or people |
||
Cheated in school (e.g.‚ copying another student’s answers or cheating on a test) |
||
Hurt someone in a minor way (e.g.‚ slap in face‚ push to ground) |
||
Lied to an authority figure (such as a teacher‚ boss‚ or parent) |
||
Carried a hidden weapon other than a plain pocket knife |
||
Skipped classes without an excuse |
||
Attacked someone with the idea of seriously hurting or killing them |
||
Stolen (or tried to steal) things worth less than $10 |
||
Bought alcohol for a minor or provided alcohol for a minor |
||
Been loud‚ rowdy‚ or unruly in a public place (e.g.‚ disorderly conduct) |
||
Been suspended from school |
||
Hit (or threatened to hit) another person |
||
Stolen money or other things from another person |
||
Failed to return extra change that a cashier accidently gave you |
||
Been drunk in a public place |
||
Had (or tried to have) sexual relations with someone against their will |
||
Avoided paying for such things as movies‚ bus or subway rides‚ and food |
||
Made obscene telephone calls‚ such as calling someone and saying dirty things |
||
Used force (strong-arm methods) to get money or things from another person |
||
Stolen (or tried to steal) things worth between $10 and $50 |
||
Broken into a building or vehicle (or tried to break in) to steal something or just to look around |
||
Knowingly bought‚ sold or held stolen goods (or tried to do any of these things) |
||
Sold drugs other than marijuana |
||
Gotten into verbal altercations (shouting/screaming) with another person |
Read the following list of alcohol and drugs and mark the “Have you ever?” box with an “X” if you have used that substance.
Substance |
Have you ever? |
Tobacco (e.g.‚ Cigarettes‚ Chew) while under the age of 18 |
|
Alcohol (e.g.‚ beer‚ wine‚ liquor) while younger than legal drinking age |
|
Alcohol (e.g.‚ beer‚ wine‚ liquor) while of – and older than – legal drinking age |
|
Marijuana |
|
Hallucinogens (e.g.‚ LSD‚ Acid‚ Mescaline‚ Peyote) |
|
Amphetamines (e.g.‚ Uppers‚ Speed) |
|
Barbiturates (e.g.‚ Downers‚ Reds) |
|
Heroin |
|
Cocaine (e.g.‚ Powder‚ Crack) |
|
Methamphetamines |
|
Prescription Pain Killers without valid prescription (e.g.‚ Vicodin‚ Percocet) |
92. Did the way that your parents raised you contribute to your taking part in the behaviors asked about above? Yes/ No
93. Do you blame your parents for the behaviors that you took part in? Yes/ No
94. Are you more likely to keep your feelings inside you or let them out? Inside Outside
Section IV:
95. How old are you? _____
96. What is your sex? Male/ Female
97. With what race do you most identify:
African American/Black Asian/Pacific Islander/ Caucasian Hispanic/ Native American/ Other _______________
This instrument can be found on pages 197- 209 of PARENTING STYLES AND CRIMINAL INVOLVEMENT:A TEST OF BAUMRIND’S TYPOLOGY. Available online at:http://dspace.iup.edu/handle/2069/421
Spraitz. Jason D. (2011). PARENTING STYLES AND CRIMINAL INVOLVEMENT:A TEST OF BAUMRIND’S TYPOLOGY. A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy. Indiana University of Pennsylvania