Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form

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Abstract

emotion regulation is a fundamental psychological process, and deficits in this area are recognized as transdiagnostic markers for a wide array of psychological disorders. The Difficulties in emotion regulation Scale (DERS) has long served as a premier self-report instrument for capturing these deficits. However, its original 36-item length can introduce respondent fatigue and redundancy, particularly in comprehensive assessment batteries or large-scale epidemiological studies.

To address this, researchers developed the Difficulties in emotion regulation Scale short form (DERS-SF). By systematically reducing the instrument by 50 percent, the developers created an 18-item measure that retains the nuanced, six-factor structure of the original scale. This abbreviated version allows clinicians and researchers to efficiently assess emotional dysregulation without sacrificing psychometric integrity.

The DERS-SF represents a critical advancement in psychological assessment. It provides a highly reliable and valid tool that minimizes participant burden while still capturing the complex, multidimensional nature of how individuals experience, process, and manage their negative emotions. Its validation across both adolescent and adult populations further cements its utility in developmental and clinical research.

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Keywords
emotion regulation
psychometrics
short form
adolescents
adults
transdiagnostic
emotion dysregulation

📊 Psychometric Scorecard

Items Count
18
Structure
Multidimensional
Cronbach's α
0.78
Fit Index (CFI)
0.960
Validation Country
📍 United States

Authors

👤 Erin A. Kaufman

👤 Mengya Xia

👤 Gregory Fosco

👤 Mona Yaptangco

👤 Chloe R. Skidmore

👤 Sheila E. Crowell
✉ [email protected]
🏛 University of Utah

Purpose

The primary purpose of the DERS-SF is to provide a psychometrically robust yet efficient alternative to the full-length DERS. In both clinical and research settings, lengthy questionnaires often lead to missing data, reduced response rates, and participant fatigue. By cutting the item count in half, the DERS-SF directly mitigates these issues, lowering the cognitive load required from respondents.

This efficiency is particularly vital for longitudinal studies, epidemiological research, and clinical intakes where multiple constructs are measured simultaneously. The DERS-SF fills a crucial gap by offering a streamlined assessment tool that still captures the transdiagnostic risk factors associated with psychopathology, ensuring that researchers do not have to choose between comprehensive measurement and practical administration.

Construct

The DERS-SF measures emotion dysregulation through a multidimensional lens, conceptualizing it not merely as the presence of negative emotions, but as a deficit in how one responds to and manages those emotions. The theoretical framework posits that adaptive emotion regulation requires awareness, clarity, and acceptance of emotions, alongside the ability to control impulses and pursue goals even when distressed.

The instrument captures six distinct facets of this construct: nonacceptance of emotional responses (reacting negatively to one's own distress), difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior when upset, impulse control issues under emotional duress, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to effective regulation strategies, and a lack of emotional clarity. Together, these dimensions provide a comprehensive profile of an individual's emotional regulatory capacity.

Validity

Validity testing for the DERS-SF demonstrated exceptional alignment with the original 36-item measure. Researchers established concurrent validity by correlating the short form with the full DERS, revealing that the two versions share between 81% and 96% of their variance. This high degree of overlap confirms that the abbreviated scale successfully captures the same underlying constructs as its predecessor.

Furthermore, the DERS-SF exhibited strong concurrent validity when compared against established indices of psychopathology, such as measures of depression, anxiety, and self-harm. The patterns of correlation between the DERS-SF and these clinical outcomes mirrored those of the full DERS in both magnitude and statistical significance. This indicates that the short form is equally adept at identifying transdiagnostic risks for internalizing and externalizing disorders.

Convergent & Discriminant Validation Correlations

Reference Instrument Correlation Coefficient (r)
Original Difficulties in emotion regulation Scale (DERS) r=0.90-0.98

Reliability

Despite a significant reduction in length—retaining only three items per subscale—the DERS-SF maintains excellent internal consistency. In psychometric theory, shorter scales often suffer from reduced reliability, making these findings particularly impressive. Across multiple independent samples of adolescents and adults, the Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the subscales consistently exceeded the standard acceptable threshold of .70.

Specifically, the alpha values ranged from .78 to .91, indicating that the retained items are highly cohesive and reliably measure their specific facets of emotion dysregulation. This robust internal consistency ensures that the DERS-SF can be used confidently in both research and clinical applications, providing precise measurements with minimal error.

Factor Analysis

The structural integrity of the DERS-SF was rigorously evaluated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood estimation. The researchers tested the hypothesis that the short form would maintain the original six-factor structure. The results not only confirmed this hypothesis but actually demonstrated improved model fit compared to the full-length DERS.

In both adolescent and college samples, the DERS-SF yielded excellent fit indices. For example, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) reached .96 to .97, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was between .05 and .06. Additionally, item factor loadings were robust, ranging from .63 to .93. These metrics clearly indicate that the 18 selected items map cleanly and strongly onto their respective latent factors, free from the cross-loading and redundancy issues that can plague longer instruments.

Subscales

Subscale Items Description
Nonacceptance of emotional responses Reflects a tendency toward negative secondary responses to negative emotions, and/or denial of distress.
Difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior Captures problems concentrating and accomplishing tasks while experiencing negative emotions.
Impulse control difficulties Reflects struggles to control behavior when upset.
Lack of emotional awareness Captures inattention to emotional responses.
Limited access to emotion regulation strategies Assesses beliefs that there is little a person can do to regulate one's emotions effectively after becoming upset.
Lack of emotional clarity Reflects the extent to which individuals are unclear about which emotions they are experiencing.

Instrument

Test Type Self-report questionnaire
Format 18 items, 5-point Likert scale
Language English
Population adolescents, College students, adults
Age Group adolescents and adults
Administration Self-administered

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form Items

📋 Items are currently not available

The individual items of this scale are not publicly available. Researchers interested in using this instrument should contact the original authors directly to request the scale materials.

Sample

Data were collected from five independent samples in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain West regions of the United States. This included three pooled adolescent samples (Study 1) and two pooled college student samples (Study 2) to replicate findings into adulthood.

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Cite This Paper

Erin A. Kaufman, Mengya Xia, Gregory Fosco, Mona Yaptangco, Chloe R. Skidmore, Sheila E. Crowell (2015). Difficulties in emotion regulation Scale short form. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9529-3

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Cite this article

Mohammed looti (2026). Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Retrieved from https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/difficulties-in-emotion-regulation-scale-short-form/

Mohammed looti. "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 13 Aug. 2026, https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/difficulties-in-emotion-regulation-scale-short-form/.

Mohammed looti. "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 2026. https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/difficulties-in-emotion-regulation-scale-short-form/.

Mohammed looti (2026) 'Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form', PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Available at: https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/difficulties-in-emotion-regulation-scale-short-form/.

[1] Mohammed looti, "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form," PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, vol. X, no. Y, ص Z-Z, August, 2026.

Mohammed looti. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. 2026;vol(issue):pages.

Related terms:

  1. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
  2. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
  3. State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S- DERS)
  4. Children’s Dual Emotion Regulation Strategy Scale (CDERS)
  5. Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC)
  6. Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA)
  7. Emotion-Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ)
  8. Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ-D-FK)
  9. Adolescents’ Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire–Extended (AERSQ-E)
  10. Contextualized Emotion Regulation Survey for Adolescents (CERSA)
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