Table of Contents
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Alternate Test Names | Dependence Proneness Test |
| Description | The Dependence Proneness Scale–Form One (Flanders, Anderson, & Amidon, 1961) is a 45-item, dichotomous measure used to assess dependence proneness in children and adolescents. This scale explores the relationship between teacher behavior, student behavior, and student attitudes within a classroom context. Items were written, borrowed, and modified from existing literature to form the initial 150-item battery, which included themes like seeking help, affection, conformity, and compliance. A sample of eighth-grade students was used to identify the final 45 items through item analysis. The test identifies high-scoring students who need more support and reassurance, as well as low-scoring students who are more independent in their classroom interactions. |
| Test Type | Original |
| Instrument Type | Rating Scale |
| Construct | Dependence Proneness |
| Author | Flanders, Ned A.; Anderson, J. Paul; Amidon, Edmund J. |
| Purpose | To measure dependence proneness in children and adolescents, particularly in relation to teacher behavior, student behavior, and student attitudes within a classroom context. |
| Test Year | 1961 |
| Administration Method | Paper |
| Format | Responses to each of the 45 items are restricted to “agree” or “disagree.” |
| Number of Items | The scale consists of 45 items. |
| Reliability | Internal Consistency: The reliability coefficient calculated by analysis of variance is .68, with an estimated standard error of measurement of 2.93 for a single score. |
| Validity | Construct Validity: The test identifies high-scoring students who need more support and reassurance from teachers, as well as low-scoring students whose reactions are more independent of the teacher’s behavior. |
| Factor Analysis | Not indicated |
| Test Methodology | Test Validity; Construct Validity; Test Reliability; Internal Consistency |
| Classification | 5900 Education, Teaching, and Student Characteristics; 7200 Personality |
| Population Group | Human |
| Keywords | Dependence Proneness Scale–Form One; Test Development; Internal Consistency; Construct Validity; Teacher-Student Relations |
| Index Terms | Construct Validity; Dependency (Personality); Internal Consistency; Rating Scales; Student Characteristics; Teacher-Student Interaction; Test Construction; Test Forms; Test Reliability; Test Validity |
Reference
Flanders, N. A., Anderson, J. P., & Amidon, E. J. (1961). Measuring dependence proneness in the classroom. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 21, 575–587.
Dependence Proneness Scale-Form One
D 1. I hesitate to ask for help from others.
A 2. I like to do things with my family.
D 3. It’s fun to try out ideas that others think are crazy.
A 4. I enjoy working with students who get good marks.
A 5. Students ought to be allowed to help one another with their school work.
D 6. I don’t need my friends’ encouragement when I meet with failure.
A 7. I never argue with my parents.
D 8. My folks usually have to ask me twice to do something.
D 9. I don’t like my friends to make a fuss over me when I’m sick.
D 10. I seldom do ‘little extra things” at home just to please my parents.
D 11. I want my friends to leave me alone when I am sad.
D 12. I often disagree with my parents.
A 13. I never do anything at home until I find out if it’s okay.
D 14. What others think of me does not bother me.
D 15. Committee work is a waste of time.
D 16. I often disagree with what the class decides to do.
A 17. You should always check to see if your parents approve of your friends.
A 18. A good friend will never disagree with you.
D 19. I enjoy studying about things that my parents don’t like.
A 20. I am apt to pass up something I want to do when others think that it isn’t worth doing.
D 21. I owe my greatest obligation to my family.
D 22. I don’t lie to show my friends how much I like them.
D 23. I like to make my own decisions.
D 24. My parents make unreasonable rules.
D 25. Rules are made to be broken.
D 26. I would rather be left alone when I am in trouble.
D 27. I would never tell on a student who has done something wrong.
D 28. It annoys me when my friends tell me their troubles.
D 29. I dislike lending things to my friends.
D 30. I like people who ignore the feelings of others.
D 31. I don’t care whether or not I take home a good report card.
D 32. I often seem to do things my parents don’t like.
D 33. My parents treat me more like a child than a teen-ager.
D 34. I don’t care if other students say nice things about me.
D 35. I sometimes break rules if it makes my friends like me.
D 36. I like to criticize people who are in charge.
A 37. I try never to disobey my parents.
A 38. I feel better avoiding a fight than trying to have my own way.
A 39. I like to follow instructions and to do what is expected of me.
D 40. My family does not like what I intend to choose for my life work.
D 41. I often disagree with what the teacher says.
A 42. In class it is best to go along with the majority even when you disagree.
D 43. I don’t care if others are interested in the same things I am.
D 44. It is not always best to have the majority make the decision.
D 45. The playground is a poor place to really get to know your friends.
Note. A = Autonomy and D = Deference.
Cite this article
Mohammed looti (2026). Dependence Proneness Scale-Form One. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Retrieved from https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/dependence-proneness-scale-form-one/
Mohammed looti. "Dependence Proneness Scale-Form One." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 3 Apr. 2026, https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/dependence-proneness-scale-form-one/.
Mohammed looti. "Dependence Proneness Scale-Form One." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 2026. https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/dependence-proneness-scale-form-one/.
Mohammed looti (2026) 'Dependence Proneness Scale-Form One', PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Available at: https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/dependence-proneness-scale-form-one/.
[1] Mohammed looti, "Dependence Proneness Scale-Form One," PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, vol. X, no. Y, ص Z-Z, April, 2026.
Mohammed looti. Dependence Proneness Scale-Form One. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. 2026;vol(issue):pages.