Chinese Internalized Binegativity Scale (CIBS)

Abstract

The Chinese Internalized Binegativity Scale (CIBS; Wei & Israel, 2023) was developed to assess internalized binegativity (IB) among bisexual individuals residing in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. This instrument was created through a process of translation and cultural adaptation of items from the English-language and U.S.-developed Bisexual Identity Inventory (Paul et al., 2014), supplemented by novel items derived from existing literature and interviews with six bisexual experts and six bisexual laypersons from the aforementioned Chinese cultural regions. Data for the scale’s development were collected from bisexual participants in these three regions. All items were presented in Chinese, with simplified characters for respondents in Mainland China and traditional characters for those in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Factor analysis revealed a robust measurement model comprising six factors: illegitimacy, monosexism, aversion, irresponsibility, family shame, and identity affirmation, across 25 items. The study also reported findings related to the reliability and validity of the CIBS.

Keywords

Aversion, Family Shame, Identity Affirmation, Illegitimacy, Internalized Binegativity, Irresponsibility, Monosexism

Authors

Chongzheng Wei, Tania Israel

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Purpose

The CIBS aims to evaluate internalized binegativity among bisexual individuals within Chinese cultural contexts.

Validity

Convergent Validity: The CIBS subscale and total scores demonstrated significant correlations with two measures assessing one’s sexual orientation: internalized homophobia (r = .29–.50, p < .001) and private collective self-esteem (r = −.26 to .64, p < .001), with the exception of reversed correlations for identity affirmation. The observed effect sizes ranged from small to large (Cohen, 1992).

Predictive Validity: The CIBS subscales were all significantly correlated with outness, showing small to medium effect sizes (r = −.12 to .32). Furthermore, four of the CIBS subscales (excluding identity affirmation and illegitimacy) were significantly associated with depression, exhibiting small effect sizes (r = .12–.24).

Reliability

Internal Consistency: The CIBS demonstrated strong internal consistency, with Cronbach’s α estimates ranging from .76 to .91. Omega (ω) estimates further supported this, ranging from 0.85 to 0.91.

Factor Analysis

Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Factor determinacy values for the six factors identified in the CIBS ranged from .92 to .97. The 25-item, six-factor model exhibited strong model fit, aligning with established guidelines: CFI and TLI index values >.95, an RMSEA value <.06, and an SRMR value <.08 (Hu & Bentler, 1999). Specifically, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results showed a strong fit for the 6-factor model (χ2=397.458, p < .001, df = 260, CFI=.95, TLI=.95, RMSEA [90% CI]= .039 [.031, .047], SRMR= .06). Additionally, the results from the bifactor model provided valuable insights into the applicability of the CIBS within the context of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the interpretability of scale scores (χ2=362.180, p < .001, df=250, CFI=.96, TLI=.96, RMSEA [90% CI]= .036 [.028, .044], SRMR= .06).

Instrument: Chinese Internalized Binegativity Scale (CIBS)

Test Type: Original Inventory/Questionnaire

Format: Each item is measured on a 7-point response scale. The administration method is electronic.

Language Available: Chinese.

Population Group: Human; Male; Female; Transgender.

Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older), including Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs), Thirties (30-39 yrs), and Middle Age (40-64 yrs).

Population Details: Respondents were bisexual individuals residing in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Reported gender identities included Women, Men, Bisexual, Gender Nonbinary, Transgender, and Other.

Test Methodology: Test Validity (Convergent Validity, Predictive Validity), Test Reliability (Internal Consistency), Factor Analysis (Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis).

Keywords

Aversion, Family Shame, Identity Affirmation, Illegitimacy, Internalized Binegativity, Irresponsibility, Monosexism

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Authors

Chongzheng Wei

• Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-1689

• Affiliation: University of California Department of Counseling, Clinical and School Psychology

• Email Address: [email protected]

• Correspondence Address: University of California, Department of Counseling, Clinical and School Psychology, 18 Ocean Road, Santa Barbara, California, United States, 93117

Tania Israel

• Affiliation: University of California Department of Counseling, Clinical and School Psychology

• Email Address: No data is Available

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

Permissions: May be used for Research/Teaching.
Fee: No.
Commercial: No.
Test Year: 2023.

References

Wei, C., & Israel, T. (2023). The Chinese Internalized Binegativity Scale: Measure development and cultural adaptation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 70(6), 657–670. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000707

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Items of the Chinese Internalized Binegativity Scale (CIBS)

This measure includes 25 items, structured around six factors:

• Illegitimacy

• Monosexism

• Aversion

• Irresponsibility

• Family shame

• Identity affirmation

The specific test items are available in the supplemental material and Table 1, Page 7 of the source reference (2024-00290-001).

Chinese Internalized Binegativity Scale (CIBS)

I. Illegitimacy 不合理

1. Being bisexual is trying to avoid being gay.
   双性恋是在逃避成为同性恋

2. Bisexuality is just a phase.
   双性恋只是一个阶段

3. Bisexual individuals are in denial about being gay.
   双性恋的人是在否认自己是同性恋

4. Bisexuals are gay people who are too afraid to come out.
   双性恋是不敢出柜的同性恋

II. Monosexism 单性恋主义

1. I wish I could focus my sexual and romantic attractions on only one gender.
   我希望可以把自己的性欲和情感都转向一个性别

2. I would be better off if I identified as gay or straight, rather than bisexual.
   如果我认同为同性恋或异性恋而不是双性恋, 我会过得更好

3. It is a burden that I am attracted to people of more than one gender.
   受到不止一种性别的人的吸引对我是一种负担

4. I wish I could be attracted to only one gender.
   我希望可以只喜欢单一性别

III. Aversion 厌恶

1. I think I am filthy because I am attracted to people of different genders.
   我因为可以喜欢不同性别的人而觉得自己肮脏

2. I feel ashamed that I am bisexual.
   我因为自己是双性恋而感到羞耻

3. I feel guilty about being bisexual.
   我因为自己是双性恋而感到内疚

4. I feel awkward because of being bisexual.
   我因为自己是双性恋而感到尴尬

IV. Irresponsibility 不负责

1. Bisexuals are greedy.
   双性恋是贪心的

2. Bisexuals are untrustworthy.
   双性恋不值得信任

3. Bisexuals will betray the sexual minority community.
   双性恋会背叛性少数社群

4. Bisexuals cannot be loyal to only one partner.
   双性恋不能只忠于一个伴侣

5. Bisexuals set feet on both boats.
   双性恋会脚踏两条船

V. Family shame 家庭耻辱

1. I would let my family down if I have a same-gender partner.
   如果我有一个同性伴侣, 则会让家人失望

2. Being bisexual brings shame to my family.
   我是双性恋会给我的家人丢脸

3. Having a same-gender partner would bring shame to my family.
   拥有一个同性伴侣会让人感到羞耻

VI. Identity affirmation 身份认同

1. I am proud to be bisexual.
   我因为是双性恋而感到骄傲

2. I feel fortunate to be a bisexual.
   我庆幸自己是双性恋

3. I like myself as a bisexual.
   我喜欢自己是双性恋

4. I am accepting of my bisexuality.
   我接纳自己是双性恋

5. I appreciate my bisexuality.
   我感激自己的双性恋身份

Note. Each item is measured on a 7-point response scale with only the anchors at each end labeled (1 = strongly disagree and 7 = strongly agree).