1. I exercise because other people say I should
2. I feel guilty when I don’t exercise
3. I value the benefits of exercise
4. I exercise because it’s fun
5. I take part in exercise because my friends/family/partner say I should
6. I feel ashamed when I miss an exercise session
7. It’s important to me to exercise regularly
8. I enjoy my exercise sessions
9. I exercise because others will not be pleased with me if I don’t
10. I feel like a failure when I haven’t exercised in a while
11. I think it is important to make the effort to exercise regularly
12. I find exercise a pleasurable activity
13. I feel under pressure from my friends/family to exercise
14. I get restless if I don’t exercise regularly
15. I get pleasure and satisfaction from participating in exercise
External‚ introjected‚ identified‚ and intrinsic motivation
EXT (alpha .79); IJ (alpha .76); ID (alpha .78); IM (alpha .90)
0 = “not true for me” to 4 = “very true for me.”
External Regulation (items: 1‚ 5‚ 9‚ and 13)‚ Introjected Regulation (items: 2‚ 6‚ and 10)‚ Identified Regulation (items: 3‚ 7‚ 11‚ and 14)‚ Intrinsic Regulation (items: 4‚ 8‚ 12‚ and 15)
Relative Autonomy Index: RAI = (-2) (EXT) – IJ + ID + 2 (IM)
This instrument can be found at: http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~pes004/exercise_motivation/downloads/mullan%20&%20markland%201997.pdf
Mullan‚ E.‚ & Markland‚ D. (1997). Variations in self-determination across the stages of change for exercise in adults. Motivation and Emotion‚ 21‚ 349-362.
Mullan‚ E.‚ Markland‚ D.‚ & Ingledew‚ D. (1997). A graded conceptualization of self-determination in the regulation of exercise behavior: Development of a measure using confirmatory factor analytic procedures. Personality and Individual Differences‚ 23‚ 745-752.
Wilson‚ Philip M.‚ Rodgers‚ Wendy M.‚ and Fraser‚ Shawn N. (2002). Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science‚ 6(1)‚ 1–21