Self Talk Scale – Chinese Version

Description

The topic of self-dialogue has attracted the attention of many philosophers and psychologists. Vygotsky pointed out that individuals possess two forms of speech: social speech (aiming at communication with others) and egocentric speech, the latter of which refers to individuals conversing with themselves (self-dialogue) typically without vocalizing, aimed at assisting thought, controlling, and guiding behavior (Vygotsky, 1997). Most researchers define overt self-dialogue as “private speech,” while silent, internal self-dialogue is referred to as “internal speech.” According to researchers, self-dialogue reflects what individuals express about themselves or their world, encompassing both spoken and unspoken dialogue. Research mainly explores self-dialogue within the domains of sports psychology, problem-solving, and clinical psychology, looking at its nature and its relationship with relevant variables. In sports psychology, studies focus on promoting the use of self-dialogue and its role in enhancing performance. In the problem-solving domain, the findings indicate that the greater the difficulty of a problem, the more frequently individuals engage in self-dialogue. In clinical psychology, researchers examine the role of self-dialogue as a means of emotional regulation, particularly how negative self-statements impact emotional disorders like depression, anxiety, and social phobia. Under stress or adverse life events, individuals often experience negative emotions; during these times, negative self-dialogue may exacerbate these feelings. In contrast, employing positive self-dialogue can mitigate negative emotions triggered by stressors, indicating that self-dialogue has a regulatory effect on emotions, which can either intensify or alleviate negative feelings. A few studies have investigated the positive implications of self-dialogue on emotional development, such as its impact on emotional intelligence.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

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Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

A self-dialogue scale (self talk scale) developed by Brinthaupt et al. (2009) is used, consisting of four dimensions: 自我批判 (self-criticism), 自我激励 (self-motivation), 自我管理 (self-management), and 社会评价 (social evaluation), totaling 16 items. A higher score indicates a higher level of self-dialogue. Participants are to reflect on how accurately various statements align with their own experiences, using a 5-point Likert scale where 1=从不如此 (never), 2=很少如此 (rarely), 3=有时如此 (sometimes), 4=经常如此 (often), 5=总是如此 (always).

Reliability and Validity

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Factors and Subscales

– 自我批判 (self-criticism)
– 自我激励 (self-motivation)
– 自我管理 (self-management)
– 社会评价 (social evaluation)

Keywords

self-dialogue, emotional regulation, internal speech, private speech, psychological assessment

Items in Chinese

1. 当对于某件事自己处理不当时，我会与自己交谈。
2. 当有好事发生在自己身上时，我会与自己交谈。
3. 当需要想清楚自己应该做什么和说什么时，我会与自己交谈。
4. 当想象别人对自己所说的话会有怎样的反应时，我会与自己交谈。
5. 当对自己很满意时，我会与自己交谈。
6. 当想要分析别人对自己说过的话时，我会与自己交谈。
7. 当对自己的所作所为感到羞愧时，我会与自己交谈。
8. 当对自己的所作所为感到自豪时，我会与自己交谈。
9. 当在头脑中探索一套可能的行动计划时，我会与自己交谈。
10. 当对自己很失望时，我会与自己交谈。
11. 当试着预见别人将会说什么，以及自己要怎样做出反应时，我会与自己交谈。
12. 当管理自己的言语和行为时，我会与自己交谈。
13. 当想激励自己做得更好时，我会与自己交谈。
14. 当糟糕的事情发生在自己身上时，我会与自己交谈。
15. 当想提醒自己需要做某件事情时，我会与自己交谈。
16. 当想重复自己对别人说过的话时，我会与自己交谈。

Items in English

1. When I mishandle something, I talk to myself.
2. When something good happens to me, I talk to myself.
3. When I need to clarify what I should do and say, I talk to myself.
4. When imagining others’ reactions to what they say to me, I talk to myself.
5. When I am satisfied with myself, I talk to myself.
6. When I want to analyze what others have said to me, I talk to myself.
7. When I feel shame for my actions, I talk to myself.
8. When I feel proud of my actions, I talk to myself.
9. When exploring possible action plans in my mind, I talk to myself.
10. When I feel disappointed in myself, I talk to myself.
11. When trying to anticipate what others might say and how I will respond, I talk to myself.
12. When managing my speech and behavior, I talk to myself.
13. When I want to encourage myself to do better, I talk to myself.
14. When bad things happen to me, I talk to myself.
15. When I want to remind myself to do something, I talk to myself.
16. When I want to repeat what I’ve told others, I talk to myself.

References

郭素然, 伍新春, 滕秀杰,等. 自我对话与情绪智力的关系:自我意识的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2011, 27(5):9.
马国秀. 思维反刍与抑郁情绪的关系：认知融合的调节中介模型[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2016.
Brinthaupt T M , Hein M B , Kramer T E . The Self-Talk Scale: Development, Factor Analysis, and Validation[J]. Journal of Personality Assessment, 2009, 91(1):82-92.