Multidimensional Psychological Tradition Scale (MS-CIT) & Multidimensional Psychological Modernity Scale (MS-CIM) – Chinese Version

Description

The text discusses the process of modernization in society, emphasizing the interrelation between social modernization and personal modernization. It highlights the gradual change in attitudes, behaviors, and psychological characteristics of individuals as societies evolve. The concept of “personal modernization” is introduced, originally proposed by Inkeles, who describes it as a personality system shaped by societal economic, lifestyle, and cultural progress.

Authors and Contact Email

Yang Guoshu and Lu Luo
Email: information not available

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between psychological modernity and traditionality in the context of Chinese individuals, examining how individuals navigate the tension between traditional and modern psychological traits as societies modernize.

Test Year

Information not available

Administration Method and Scoring

The study employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, including case studies and in-depth interviews. Participants complete surveys that assess their levels of psychological traditionality and modernity based on Likert scales.

Reliability and Validity

The reliability and validity of the scales used to measure psychological traditionality and modernity have been preliminarily established through initial testing processes, although specific details are not provided in the original text.

Factors and Subscales

– **多元心理传统性量表 (Multidimensional Scale of Chinese Individual Traditionality, MS-CIT)**
– **多元心理现代性量表 (Multidimensional Scale of Chinese Individual Modernity, MS-CIM)**

Keywords

Modernization, Psychological Traditionality, Psychological Modernity, Cultural Integration, Personal Development

Items in Chinese

1. 女儿长大终究要嫁人，生女不如生男。
2. 带孩子是妻子的事，男人就不要管了。
3. 新娘是不是处女很重要，丈夫必须斤斤计较。
4. 夫妻意见不同，妻子应该顺从丈夫。
5. 妻子应该尽量迎合丈夫的好恶。
6. 夫妻间性生活不满足，丈夫可以找别的女人。
7. 男人是一家之主，家中的事应由丈夫作主。
8. 女人婚后的生活重心在家庭，不应出外工作。
9. 与离过婚的女人结婚是不光彩的事。
10. 用尽各种办法，一定要生个男孩来延续香火。
11. 会议中，大家应充分交换意见后再表决。
12. 处理事情前，应该多听听别人的不同意见。
13. 团体议事时，应尽力找出多数人都能接受的折衷意见。
14. 在团体中，我会尽量去了解团体成员的想法。
15. 发现自己做错了事，应该勇于承认自己的错误。
16. 人应该不断检讨自己的行为，改正自己的过错。
17. 别人善意批评，自己应该有雅量接纳。
18. 夫妻有了冲突，双方应该各让一步。
19. 朋友有难，不用等对方开口，就应主动提供帮助。
20. 做人做事应拿捏分寸，不走极端。
21. 遇到重大问题，应该到庙里请求神明指点。
22. 公司若要有好的发展，各方面都要请教风水师或算命师。
23. 冒犯了鬼神或祖先，人就会生病。
24. 问神求来的药方是有效治疗病痛的方法。
25. 在作重大决定之前，应该先请算命师算一下。
26. 如果男女双方的生辰八字不合，就该避免结婚。
27. 如果没有看个好日子就结婚，就会担心婚姻不美满。
28. 一个人的事业能有所成就，一定是上辈子积了阴德。
29. 人生了病，到庙里拿符水或香灰喝喝就会好了。
30. 祖坟的风水好，就可以做大官、发大财。
31. 只要父母还健在，子女就应该随侍在侧。
32. 父母交代的工作应立即去做，不可推托。
33. 子女的成就应该归功于父母。
34. 子女做重要决定前，必须征得父母同意。
35. 父母亡故后，子女应该按时祭祀，以表孝思。
36. 服从权威和尊敬长上，是儿童所应学习的美德。
37. 子女不应做坏事，以免伤害父母的名声。
38. 兄姐应该主动照顾弟妹。
39. 即使子女成年了，父母还是可以管教。
40. 父亲是一家之主，家里的事应该由他决定。
41. 在公私单位做事，没有人事背景就很难升级。
42. 如果自己的关系够多或后台够硬，要找工作不是件难事。
43. 找有力人士代为说情，办事就会顺利。
44. 刚进入公司，应该特别注意有权势的人。
45. 在权威人士面前，最好不要当面表达反对意见。
46. 少管闲事、但求自保，是立身处事的重要原则。
47. 为了维护与别人的良好关系，为对方做点违规的事也无所谓。
48. 除了家人，其他人都不能信任。

Items in English

1. Daughters eventually should marry; having a daughter is worse than having a son.
2. Raising children is the wife’s responsibility; the husband should not interfere.
3. It’s important that the bride is a virgin; the husband must be meticulous about it.
4. If the husband and wife have a disagreement, the wife should submit to the husband.
5. The wife should try to cater to the husband’s likes and dislikes.
6. If the couple’s sex life is unsatisfactory, the husband may seek other women.
7. The man is the head of the household; family matters should be decided by the husband.
8. A woman’s focus in married life should be on the family; she should not work outside.
9. Marrying a woman who has been divorced is a disgrace.
10. Every effort should be made to have a son to continue the family line.
11. In meetings, everyone should fully exchange opinions before voting.
12. One should listen to others’ differing opinions before handling matters.
13. When making decisions in a group, strive to find a compromise acceptable to most.
14. In a group, I will try to understand the thoughts of the group members.
15. If I realize I have made a mistake, I should be brave enough to admit it.
16. A person should continuously reflect on their behavior and correct their mistakes.
17. If others offer constructive criticism, I should be generous enough to accept it.
18. When a couple has a conflict, both sides should give way.
19. If a friend is in trouble, I should proactively offer help without waiting for them to ask.
20. In dealing with people and matters, one should strike a balance and avoid extremes.
21. Upon encountering major issues, one should go to a temple to seek divine guidance.
22. For a company to develop well, all aspects should consult a feng shui master or fortune teller.
23. Offending spirits or ancestors will cause illness.
24. Medicines obtained from divine consultation are effective in treating ailments.
25. Before making major decisions, one should consult a fortune teller.
26. If the birth dates of both parties do not match, they should avoid marriage.
27. If one does not choose a good day to marry, there are worries about an unhappy marriage.
28. An individual’s success in life is surely due to the virtue accrued in a past life.
29. If someone falls ill, drinking talisman water or incense ash from a temple will help.
30. If the ancestral grave’s feng shui is good, one can achieve great success and wealth.
31. As long as parents are alive, children should be by their side.
32. Work assigned by parents should be done immediately; procrastination is not allowed.
33. The achievements of children should be credited to their parents.
34. Before children make important decisions, they must seek their parents’ consent.
35. After the parents pass away, children should perform rituals regularly to show filial piety.
36. Obeying authority and respecting elders are virtues children should learn.
37. Children should not do bad things to avoid harming their parents’ reputation.
38. Older siblings should actively take care of younger siblings.
39. Even if children are adults, parents can still discipline them.
40. The father is the head of the family, and household matters should be decided by him.
41. In public or private sectors, it’s hard to be promoted without personal connections.
42. If one’s connections are strong or one has a solid backing, finding a job is not difficult.
43. Having influential people intervene will lead to smoother dealings.
44. Upon entering a company, it is crucial to pay special attention to powerful individuals.
45. In front of authoritative figures, it is best not to express disagreement openly.
46. Mind your own business and just seek self-preservation; this is an important principle for living and working.
47. To maintain good relationships with others, doing something borderline illegal for them is also acceptable.
48. Apart from family, others cannot be trusted.

References

封珂欣. 个人现代化与生育意愿的关系研究. 2017.
高旭繁(Shu-Fang Kao), 杨国枢(Kuo-Shu Yang). 华人心理传统性与心理现代性研究之回顾与前瞻[J]. 彰化师大教育学报, 2011(19):1-11.