China Version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Psychological resilience (心理弹性) belongs to the field of positive psychology and refers to an individual’s ability to rebound from difficult experiences. It is the process of good psychological adaptation when faced with significant stress. Research and application of psychological resilience have made significant progress among children, adolescents, students, and individuals with mental disorders. A long-term follow-up study conducted by Smokowski and colleagues on children with mental illness found that some children, even under prolonged psychological stress and adversity, still demonstrate good coping abilities. Foreign psychologists believe that psychological resilience is a complex and continuously changing process, where coping ability plays a crucial role. Psychological resilience is also referred to as “resilience” or “recovery ability” and can help individuals achieve good outcomes through the interaction of protective factors and the environment. Moreover, it indirectly reflects the level of psychological health and represents an individual’s ability to combat stress and adversity.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

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Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

The China version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was adapted by Xiao Nan et al. It consists of 25 items divided into three dimensions: 坚韧 (Toughness, 13 items), 力量 (Strength, 8 items), and 乐观 (Optimism, 4 items). A Likert 5-point scoring method is used, where scores from 0 to 4 correspond to “完全不是这样” (Not at all), “很少这样” (Rarely), “有时这样” (Sometimes), “经常这样” (Often), and “几乎总是这样” (Almost always). The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better psychological resilience. The internal consistency coefficient of the Chinese version of the scale is 0.91.

Reliability and Validity

The internal consistency coefficient of the Chinese version of the CD-RISC is reported to be 0.91.

Factors and Subscales

Dimensions of the scale include:
– 坚韧 (Toughness)
– 力量 (Strength)
– 乐观 (Optimism)

Keywords

Psychological resilience, positive psychology, coping ability, mental health, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale

Items in Chinese

1. 我能适应变化
2. 我有亲密、安全的关系
3. 有时，命运或上帝能帮忙
4. 无论发生什么我都能应付
5. 过去的成功让我有信心面对挑战
6. 我能看到事情幽默的一面
7. 应对压力使我感到有力量
8. 经历艰难或疾病后，我往往会很快恢复
9. 事情发生总是有原因的
10. 无论结果怎样，我都会尽自己最大努力
11. 我能实现自己的目标
12. 当事情看起来没什么希望时，我不会轻易放弃
13. 我知道去哪里寻求帮助
14. 在压力下，我能够集中注意力并清晰思考
15. 我喜欢在解决问题时起带头作用
16. 我不会因失败而气馁
17. 我认为自己是个强有力的人
18. 我能做出不寻常的或艰难的决定
19. 我能处理不快乐的情绪
20. 我不得不按照预感行事
21. 我有强烈的目的感
22. 我感觉能掌控自己的生活
23. 我喜欢挑战
24. 我努力工作已达到目标
25. 我对自己的成绩感到骄傲

Items in English

1. Able to adapt to change
2. Close and secure relationships
3. Sometimes fate or God can help
4. Can deal with whatever comes
5. Past success gives confidence for new challenge
6. See the humorous side of things
7. Coping with stress strengthens
8. Tend to bounce back after illness or hardship
9. Things happen for a reason
10. Best effort no matter what
11. You can achieve your goals
12. When things look hopeless, I don’t give up
13. Know where to turn for help
14. Under pressure, focus and think clearly
15. Prefer to take the lead in problem solving
16. Not easily discouraged by failure
17. Think of self as strong person
18. Make unpopular or difficult decisions
19. Can handle unpleasant feelings
20. Have to act on a hunch
21. Strong sense of purpose
22. In control of your life
23. I like challenges
24. You work to attain your goals
25. Pride in your achievements

References

于肖楠,张建新.自我韧性量表与Connor-Davidson韧性量表的应用比较[J].心理科学,2007,(05):1169-1171.DOI:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.2007.05.035.
苏铃钰.基于自我决定理论的护理干预对原发性肝癌患者心理弹性和负性情绪的影响[D].郑州大学,2022.DOI:10.27466/d.cnki.gzzdu.2022.003425.
Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82. doi: 10.1002/da.10113. PMID: 12964174.