Anger Rumination Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Some even-toed ungulates (such as cattle and sheep) will regurgitate swallowed food to chew it again thoroughly before swallowing it again, a phenomenon known as rumination. This reflects a form of memory and processing in the animal world. Humans also experience a similar phenomenon to animal rumination in reality. For instance, after negative life events like exam failures, interpersonal conflicts, or being bullied, many individuals find it difficult to escape the influence these negative events have on them for an extended period. They might repeatedly think, “Why did this happen to me?” “I feel sad,” “I feel incompetent,” or “I am very angry.” Such thoughts recurring in their minds are akin to animal rumination, and in psychology, this is referred to as rumination thinking (反刍思维), with translations such as overthinking, brooding, and musing used by some researchers. Sukhodolsky was the first to propose the concept of anger rumination as a specific type of rumination thinking. It is considered an unconscious tendency to repeatedly encounter thoughts related to anger, reflecting on anger-related events, the reasons behind these events, possible behavioral responses, and their consequences.

Authors and Contact Email

Information not available.

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the cognitive processes associated with angry emotions that occur after individuals are provoked.

Test Year

Information not available.

Administration Method and Scoring

The study utilized a cluster sampling method, collecting data from 700 university students across various higher education institutions, including Harbin Normal University, Qiqihar Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, and Henan Normal University. A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed, of which 650 were returned, resulting in 597 valid responses, leading to an effective recovery rate of 85.29%. In addition, 725 questionnaires were distributed in two key universities in Hunan province using random sampling, with 661 valid responses obtained, resulting in a recovery rate of 91.17%. The average age of respondents was 19.08 years.

Reliability and Validity

The anger rumination scale, developed by Sukhodolsky et al., includes four dimensions and is intended to assess cognitive processes accompanying the experience of anger.

Factors and Subscales

愤怒反刍思维量表 (Anger Rumination Scale, ARS): includes four dimensions:
1. 事后愤怒 (Angry Afterthoughts)
2. 愤怒记忆 (Angry Memories)
3. 报复想法 (Thoughts of Revenge)
4. 理解原因 (Understanding of Causes)

Keywords

Rumination, Anger Rumination, Emotional Response, Cognitive Processes, College Students.

Items in Chinese

1. 我反复去想以前愤怒的经历。
2. 我反复思考在我身上发生的不公正。
3. 我会一直想着让我生了很长时间气的事。
4. 当冲突结束后，我长期存在报复的幻想。
5. 想起很久以前的某些事，让我感到很愤怒。
6. 我很难原谅伤害过我的人。
7. 当争论结束后，我还会在脑子里继续想象与这个人争辩。
8. 被激惹的回忆在睡前会突然跳入我的脑海中。
9. 只要我感到愤怒，就会反复想好一阵子。
10. 我曾经有过这样的时候–满脑子都在想某次特定的冲突并无法停止。
11. 我分析令我愤怒的事件。
12. 我思考人们对我不好的原因。
13. 我有一些暴力性质的想象和幻想。
14. 我会在愤怒发作后，将其在脑子里重现。
15. 我对生活中的某些事情感到很愤怒。
16. 当有人惹怒了我，我无法停止的想要怎样去回击这个人。
17. 当某人惹了我，我会一直想为什么这件事情发生在我身上。
18. 即使是很小的烦恼的回忆也会困扰我好一阵子。
19. 当事情让我生气时，我会在脑子里一遍一遍地想这件事。

Items in English

1. I repeatedly think about past experiences that made me angry.
2. I repeatedly reflect on injustices that have happened to me.
3. I keep thinking about things that have made me angry for a long time.
4. I have long-term fantasies of revenge after a conflict ends.
5. Recalling certain events from a long time ago makes me feel angry.
6. I find it hard to forgive those who have hurt me.
7. Even after a debate ends, I continue to imagine arguing with that person in my mind.
8. Angering memories suddenly jump into my mind before I sleep.
9. As long as I feel angry, I will think about it repeatedly for a while.
10. There have been times when I just could not stop thinking about a specific conflict.
11. I analyze the events that made me angry.
12. I think about the reasons why people have treated me badly.
13. I have violent thoughts and fantasies.
14. After an anger outburst, I replay it in my mind.
15. I feel very angry about certain things in my life.
16. When someone irritates me, I cannot stop thinking of how to retaliate against that person.
17. When someone irritates me, I keep wondering why this happened to me.
18. Even memories of minor annoyances can trouble me for a long time.
19. When something makes me angry, I think about it over and over again.

References

罗亚莉,刘云波.愤怒反刍思维量表中文版大学生人群信效度检验[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2017,25(04):667-670.DOI:10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2017.04.017.
李俏俏. 受欺负对大学生攻击行为的影响：相对剥夺感和愤怒反刍思维的多重中介作用[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2019.
孔鲁亚. 大学生愤怒情绪与愤怒冗思、社会支持的关系研究[D].中南大学,2013.
Sukhodolsky, D. G., Golub, A., & Cromwell, E. N. (2001). Development and validation of the Anger Rumination Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 31,689-700.