Q Array

Table of Contents

CategoryDetails
DescriptionThe Q Array (Marks, 1961) was developed to assess the personality characteristics of child guidance patients and their parents. It was empirically derived by clinic staff from approximately 2,000 items sampled from various sources. The final array consisted of 135 items, judged to represent the broad domain of personality suitable for children and adults of both sexes. The items were relevant to clinical practice, ratable by each clinic staff member, and had adequate intersubject variability for both mothers and children. About 25% of the items were genotypic, while 75% were phenotypic, with 25% nonpathological statements. Of these, 7% were neutral, and 18% described optimal adjustment.
AuthorMarks, Philip A.
PurposeTo assess the personality characteristics of child guidance patients and their parents.
ConstructMental Disorders; Personality Characteristics
Instrument TypeQ Sort
ReliabilityNo reliability indicated.
ValidityNo validity indicated.
Factor AnalysisNo factor analysis indicated.
Test MethodologyTest Development
Test Items135 items
Classification6700 Mental Health/Illness Related Assessment
Population GroupHuman
Population DetailsSample: Child Guidance Patients and Their Parents
KeywordsChild Guidance; Child Psychology; Personality Measures; Q Array; Test Development
Index TermsChild Psychology; Personality Measures; Psychiatry; Test Construction; Child Guidance
PermissionsMay use for Research/Teaching
ReferenceMarks, P. A. (1961). An assessment of the diagnostic process in a child guidance setting. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 75(3), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093768

Q Array

  • 1. Reports difficulty in thinking (e.g., cannot concentrate).
  • 2. Tends to be ruminative and overideational.
  • 3. Obsessive thinking present.
  • 4. Is perfectionistic: is compulsively meticulous.
  • 5. Is socially extraverted (outgoing).
  • 6. Manifests hypochondriacal tendencies, i.e., is excessively concerned about physical condition and
  • functioning, is hypersentive to and overevaluates little pains and dysfunctions.
  • 7. Is self-dramatizing: histrionic.
  • 8. Is excitable.
  • 9. Complains of weakness or is easily fatigued.
  • 10. Has feelings of hopelessness.
  • 11. Has a high aspiration level for self: is ambitious, wants to get ahead.
  • 12. Judges self and others in conventional terms like “popularity,” “the correct thing to do,” “socialpressures,” etc.
  • 13. Tends to arouse liking and acceptance in people.
  • 14. Has a rapid personal tempo: thinks, talks, moves at a fast rate.
  • 15. Is cheerful.
  • 16. Is vulnerable to real or fancied threat: generally fearful, is a worrier.
  • 17. Experiences difficulty in giving orders or making demands and requests of others.
  • 18. Has “diagnostic” insight: awareness of the descriptive features of own behavior. (Examples: that certain symptoms are neurotic, that one is not liked by others, that one tends to distort in certain ways; that one is depressed, that one shows poor judgment in such-and-such ways, that one underachieves.)
  • 19. Exhibits good heterosexual adjustment.
  • 20. Is demanding: tends to take the attitude “the world owes me a living,” “I have a right to be taken care of,” etc.
  • 21. Is unpredictable and changeable in behavior and attitudes.
  • 22. Is egocentric, self-centered, selfish: seeks need-gratifications (“how will this affect me?) with little regard for the happiness and well-being of others.
  • 23. Appears to be poised, self-assured, socially at ease.
  • 24. Is defensive about admitting psychological conflicts: tries to avoid revealing self as having psychological conflicts and emotional distresses.
  • 25. Delusional thinking is present.
  • 26. Has grandiose ideas (extreme is delusions of grandeur).
  • 27. Seeks out and tries to relate to parent figures.
  • 28. Is resentful.
  • 29. Exhibits psychotic tendencies.
  • 30. Exhibits depression (manifest sad mood).
  • 31. Tends to delay or avoid action: fears committing self to any definite course, is indecisive, vacillating.
  • 32. Is evasive.
  • 33. Is irritable.
  • 34. Tends to transfer blame.
  • 35. Demands sympathy from others.
  • 36. Behaves considerately towards others.
  • 37. Is argumentative.
  • 38. Presents self as being physically, organically sick.
  • 39. Is suggestable: overly responsive to other people’s evaluations rather than own.
  • 40. Tends to be rebellious and nonconforming.
  • 41. Thinks and associates in unusual ways: has unconventional thought processes (extreme is illogical, confused, or bizarre).
  • 42. Is apathetic.
  • 43. Has inner conflict about sexuality (distinguish from reality problems in this area).
  • 44. Has inner conflict about emotional dependency (distinguish from reality problems in this area).
  • 45. Utilizes acting out as a defense mechanism.
  • 46. Reacts to frustration intropunitively (i.e., punishes self).
  • 47. Utilizes regression as a defense mechanism.
  • 48. Exhibits evidence of narcissism (latent or manifest).
  • 49. Has conflicts about giving,
  • 50. Has good verbal-cognitive insight into own personality structure and dynamics, and has a real “feeling” for these insights. Insight not defended against by isolation intellectualization.
  • 51. Has a need to affiliate with others: i.e., to form friendships and associations, to greet and converse sociably with others, to join various groups, etc.
  • 52. Has inner conflicts about self-assertion (distinguished from reality problems in this area).
  • 53. Fears loss of control, feels need to keep rigid check on own emotional responses: cannot “let go” even when appropriate.
  • 54. Utilizes projection as a defense mechanism.
  • 55. Has a need to achieve: to overcome obstacles, to exercise power, to strive to do something difficult as well and as quickly as possible (this is an elementary ego need which may alone prompt action or be fused with any other need).
  • 56. Is retentive: has a need to retain possession of things; to refuse to give or lend; to hoard; to be frugal, economical, and miserly.
  • 57. Places value on intellectual and cognitive activities, skills, and attitudes.
  • 58. Utilizes rationalization as a defense mechanism.
  • 59. Defenses are fairly adequate in relieving psychological distress.
  • 60. Tends toward overcontrol of needs and impulses: binds tensions excessively, delays gratification  unnecessarily.
  • 61. Utilizes intellectualization as a defense mechanism.
  • 62. Life has included rewarding socialization experiences.
  • 63. Would be organized and adaptive when under stress or trauma.
  • 64. Has a resilient ego-defense system: has a safe margin of integration, adequate self-control.
  • 65. Values wealth or material possessions and judges self and others in terms of them.
  • 66. Gets appreciable “secondary gain” from symptoms (i.e., symptoms function to get person out of painful, difficult, or stressful situations in a socially acceptable way or are otherwise rewarding via their manipulations of external-relations).
  • 67. Characteristically pushes and tries to stretch limits: sees what can be gotten away with.
  • 68. Is self-defeating: places self in an obviously bad light.
  • 69. Is nervous, tense in manner: trembles, sweats, or shows other manifest signs of anxiety.
  • 70. Is distrustful of people in general: questions their motivations.
  • 71. Is readily dominated by others: is submissive.
  • 72. Spends a good deal of time in personal fantasy and daydreams: fictional speculations.
  • 73. Keeps people at a distance: avoids close interpersonal relationships.
  • 74. Is sensitive to anything that can be construed as a demand.
  • 75. Accepts others as they are: is not judgmental.
  • 76. Is able to sense other person’s feelings: is an intuitive, empathetic person.
  • 77. Is protective of those close to self (placement of this item expresses behavior ranging from overprotection through appropriate nurturance to laissez-faire, unstructuring attitudes).
  • 78. Is critical, not easily impressed, skeptical.
  • 79. Genotype has psychopathic features.
  • 80. Genotype has schizoid features.
  • 81. Genotype has hysteroid features.
  • 82. Genotype has paranoid features.
  • 83. Genotype has obsessive-compulsive features.
  • 84. Shows concern over reputation.
  • 85. Feels there is social stigma attached to clinic contact.
  • 86. Is a serious person who tends to anticipate problems and difficulties, and to look at the “dark side” of things.
  • 87. Is concerned about the qualifications of various staff members.
  • 88. Seems unable to express own emotions in any modulated, adaptive way.
  • 89. There are many “positives” in this case.
  • 90. Presents a favorable prognosis.
  • 91. Is overanxious about minor matters and reacts to them as if they were real emergencies.
  • 92. Is a shy, anxious, and inhibited person.
  • 93. Resorts to escape into fantasy.
  • 94. Has unresolved Oedipal problems.
  • 95. Tends to be flippant both in word and gesture.
  • 96. Is open and frank in discussing problems.
  • 97. Has a need to think of self as an unusually self-sufficient person.
  • 98. Has a tenuous hold on reality.
  • 99. Has shown ability to talk about conflicts in most areas.
  • 100. Would be threatened by interpretations given early in therapy.
  • 101. Is suffering from feelings of rejection.
  • 102. Has a relatively mature superego.
  • 103. Tends not to become involved in things: passively resistant.
  • 104. Is stereotyped and unoriginal in approach to problems.
  • 105. Undercontrols own impulses: acts with insufficient thinking and deliberation.
  • 106. Gets along well in the world as it is: is socially appropriate in own behavior, keeps out of trouble (to be considered as conceptually separate from person’s intrapsychic state).
  • 107. Is tearful and/or cries openly.
  • 108. Emphasizes oral pleasures: is self-indulgent.
  • 109. Is consciously guilt-ridden: self-condemning, self-accusatory.
  • 110. Doesn’t seem to be particularly afraid of anything.
  • 111. Is tense, high-strung, jumpy: has an over readiness to respond with startle or apprehension to unexpected stimulation.
  • 112. Consistently avoids being put in any situation where own performance will be inferior to that of the others.
  • 113. Expresses impulses by specific verbal “acting out” (e.g., scolding, yelling, cursing, etc.).
  • 114. Exhibits manneristic behavior (tapping on table, biting lips, biting nails, wringing hands, etc.).
  • 115. Is afraid of emotional involvement with others.
  • 116. Has a wish (conscious or unconscious) to kill people who thwart self in any way.
  • 117. Has a wish (conscious or unconscious) to take others’ possessions from them.
  • 118. Undervalues and consistently derogates the opposite sex.
  • 119. Psychic conflicts are represented in somatic symptoms.
  • 120. Handles anxieties and conflicts by refusing to recognize their presence.
  • 121. Possesses a basic insecurity and need for attention. Search for “love” is a compulsive or neurotic search for security.
  • 122. Overreacts to danger or makes emergency responses in the absence of actual danger.
  • 123. Is made anxious or disturbed by impulses to commit a criminal act or hostile act (e.g., desire to stab, beat, or kill someone, to set a fire, to mutilate an animal).
  • 124. Fears of phobias present (include all the common fears such as claustrophobia, school phobia, etc.). Continuum ranging from slight anxiety to severe inhibition of activity because of the fears.
  • 125. Has superior intellectual ability (based on clinical observations of functioning level only ).
  • 126. Repressive mechanism functions adequately.
  • 127. Easy to talk to and get along with in this kind of relationship.
  • 128. Has the capacity for forming close interpersonal relationships.
  • 129. Has an exaggerated need for affection.
  • 130. Ego strength (continuum ranging from severe ego weakness through moderate strength to exceptionally strong ego development).
  • 131. Has obsessional character problems.
  • 132. Has developed defenses which themselves cause suffering.
  • 133. Is a reliable informant.
  • 134. Is provocative.
  • 135. Is “normal,” healthy, symptom free (psychologically).

Cite this article

Mohammed looti (2026). Q Array. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Retrieved from https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/q-array/

Mohammed looti. "Q Array." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 3 Apr. 2026, https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/q-array/.

Mohammed looti. "Q Array." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 2026. https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/q-array/.

Mohammed looti (2026) 'Q Array', PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Available at: https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/q-array/.

[1] Mohammed looti, "Q Array," PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, vol. X, no. Y, ص Z-Z, April, 2026.

Mohammed looti. Q Array. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. 2026;vol(issue):pages.

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