General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ)
Tsay‚ Ying & Lee (2000)
American Version (GEQA)
1. I was raised in way that was American.
2. When I was growing up‚ I was exposed to American culture.
3. Now‚ I am exposed to American culture.
4. Compared to how much I negatively criticize other cultures‚ I criticize American culture less.
5. I am embarrassed/ashamed of American culture.
6. I am proud of American culture.
7. American culture has had a positive impact on my life.
8. I believe that my children should read‚ write‚ and speak English.
9. I have a strong belief that my children should have American names only.
10. I go to places where people are American.
11. I am familiar with American cultural practices and customs.
12. I relate to my partner or spouse in a way that is American.
13. I admire people who are American.
14. I would prefer to live in an American community.
15. I listen to American music.
16. I perform American dance.
17. I engage in American forms of recreation.
18. I celebrate American holidays.
19. At home‚ I eat American food.
20. At restaurants‚ I eat American food.
21. When I was a child‚ my friends were American.
22. Now‚ my friends are American.
23. I wish to be accepted by Americans.
24. The people I date are American.
25. Overall‚ I am American.
26. How much do you speak English at home?
27. How much do you speak English at school?
28. How much do you speak English at work?
29. How much do you speak English at prayer?
30. How much do you speak English with friends?
31. How much do you view‚ read‚ or listen to English on TV?
32. How much do you view‚ read‚ or listen to English in film?
33. How much do you view‚ read‚ or listen to English on the radio?
34. How much do you view‚ read‚ or listen to English in literature?
35. How fluently do you speak English?
36. How fluently do you read English?
37. How fluently do you write English?
38. How fluently do you understand English?
Chinese Version (GEQC)
- I was raised in a way that was Chinese. American Version
- When I was growing up‚ I was exposed to Chinese culture.
- Now‚ I am exposed to Chinese culture.
- Compared to how much I negatively criticize other cultures‚
- I criticize Chinese culture less.
- I am embarrassed/ashamed of Chinese culture.
- I am proud of Chinese culture.
- Chinese culture has had a positive impact on my life.
- I believe that my children should read‚ write‚ and speak Chinese.
- I have a strong belief that my children should have Chinese names only.
- I go to places where people are Chinese/Chinese American.
- I am familiar with Chinese cultural practices and customs.
- I relate to my partner or spouse in a way that is Chinese.
- I admire people who are Chinese/Chinese American.
- I would prefer to live in a Chinese/Chinese American community.
- I listen to Chinese music.
- I perform Chinese dance.
- I engage in Chinese forms of recreation.
- I celebrate Chinese holidays.
- At home‚ I eat Chinese food.
- At restaurants‚ I eat Chinese food.
- When I was a child‚ my friends were Chinese/Chinese American.
- Now‚ my friends are Chinese/Chinese American.
- I wish to be accepted by Chinese/Chinese Americans.
- The people I date are Chinese/Chinese American.
- Overall‚ I am Chinese.
- How much do you speak Chinese at home?
- How much do you speak Chinese at school?
- How much do you speak Chinese at work?
- How much do you speak Chinese at prayer?
- How much do you speak Chinese with friends?
- How much do you view‚ read‚ or listen to Chinese on TV?
- How much do you view‚ read‚ or listen to Chinese in film?
- How much do you view‚ read‚ or listen to Chinese on the radio?
- How much do you view‚ read‚ or listen to Chinese in literature?
- How fluently do you speak Chinese?
- How fluently do you read Chinese?
- How fluently do you write Chinese?
- How fluently do you understand Chinese?
- Are you bilingual? (please circle) Yes No
If yes‚ what languages?
1) ____________________
2) ____________________
Language‚ Social Affiliation‚ Activities‚ Pride‚ Media‚ Food
Items 1- 25:1=Strongly Disagree‚ 2=Disagree‚ 3=Neutral‚ 4=Agree‚ 5= Strongly Agree
Items 26- 38:1= Very much‚ 2=Much‚ 3=Somewhat‚ 4=A little‚ 5=Not at all
Items at (GEMA)
Language: 1‚ 2‚ 11‚ 26‚ 27‚ 28‚ 30‚ 34‚ 35‚ 36‚ 37‚ and 38
Social Affiliation: 10‚ 12‚ 14‚ 21‚ 22‚ and 24
Activities: 15‚ 16‚ 17‚ and 18
Pride: 4‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7‚ and 13
Media: 31‚ 32‚ and 33
Food: 19 and 20
Items at (GEMC)
Language: 8‚ 15‚ 21‚ 26‚ 27‚ 28‚ 29‚ 30‚ 31‚ 32‚ 34‚ 35‚ 36‚ 37‚ and 38
Social Affiliation: 10‚ 12‚ 13‚ 14‚ 22‚ 23‚ and 24
Activities: 16‚ 17‚ and 33
Pride: 4‚ 5‚ 6‚ and 7
Exposure: 1‚ 2‚ 3 and 11
Food: 18‚ 19 and 20
1. All items should be coded so that higher values reflect greater orientation to the culture of interest. For example‚ in some versions of the GEQ‚ the language items should be reverse-coded. In latter versions of the GEQ‚ the rating scale was changed so that the language items no longer needed to be reverse coded.
2. In all versions of the GEQ‚ question 5 (“I am embarrassed/ashamed of ____culture”) should be recoded.
3. Subscores similar to those described in Tsai et al. (2000) can be created if the factor analyses reveal a similar factor structure. To calculate subscores‚ calculate the mean of the relevant items.
4.Researchers may also create an overall cultural orientation score by calculating the mean of all of the items.
This instrument can be found at: http://www-psych.stanford.edu/createtsailab/GEQ.htm
Tsai‚ J.L.‚ Ying‚ Y.‚ & Lee‚ P.A. (2000). The meaning of “being Chinese” and “being American”: Variation among Chinese American young adults. Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology‚ 31‚ 302-322.
Ying‚ Y.‚ Lee‚ P.A.‚ & Tsai‚ J.L. (2000). Cultural orientation and racial discrimination: Predictors of coherence in Chinese American young adults. Journal of Community Psychology‚ 28‚ 427-442.
Cite this article
mohammad looti (2026). General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ). PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Retrieved from https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/general-ethnicity-questionnaire-geq/
mohammad looti. "General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ)." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 26 Apr. 2026, https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/general-ethnicity-questionnaire-geq/.
mohammad looti. "General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ)." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 2026. https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/general-ethnicity-questionnaire-geq/.
mohammad looti (2026) 'General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ)', PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Available at: https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/general-ethnicity-questionnaire-geq/.
[1] mohammad looti, "General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ)," PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, vol. X, no. Y, ص Z-Z, April, 2026.
mohammad looti. General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ). PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. 2026;vol(issue):pages.