Hawaiian Culture Scale- Adolescent (HCS-A)
Hishinuma and Andrade et al‚ 2000
1 = not at all‚ 3 = somewhat‚ and 5 = very much
1. I learned about the Native Hawaiian way of life from my family at home.
2. I learned about the Native Hawaiian way of life from school.
3. I learned about the Native Hawaiian way of life from friends and neighbors.
4. Check anyone in your household who can carry on a conversation in Hawaiian:
_____ Yourself
_____ Mother (primary female caregiver)
_____ Father (primary male caregiver)
_____ Grandmother
_____ Grandfather
_____ Other ____________________
_____ None (specify)
5. What language is primarily spoken in your home?:
_____ Standard English
_____ Pidgin English
_____ Hawaiian_____ Other ____________________ (specify)
6. Rate your ability to understand the Hawaiian language.
7. Rate your ability to speak the Hawaiian language (circle one).
8. How much do you value Hawaiian beliefs‚ behaviors and attitudes?
9. How much do you value Non-Hawaiian beliefs‚ behaviors and attitudes?
10.How important is it to you to maintain Hawaiian cultural traditions?
11.Do you have any Hawaiian blood?
_____ Yes
_____ No
_____ Don’t Know
If you answered yes above‚ select the one choice below that describes you:
_____ Pure (100%) Native Hawaiian
_____ Half (50% or more) Native Hawaiian
_____ Less than half (less than 50%) Native Hawaiian
Customs and Beliefs:
1= Unfamiliar/don’t know‚ 2= You understand or believe in‚ 3=You practice custom
1. Family home blessed by Hawaiian priest or kahuna
2. Taking part in Native healing practices (ho‘oponopono‚ lomilomi)
3. Offerings at heiau
4. ‘Aumakua
5. Kapu System
6. Learning genealogy/ origin of family
7. Formal passing of knowledge from generation to generation
8. Hō‘ailona –signs of nature
9. Lōkahi
10.‘Ohana
11.Aloha ‘āina
Lifestyles:
1= Unfamiliar/don’t know‚ 2= You know how to do‚ 3= You do
1. Net fishing
2. Taro farming
3. Limu picking
4. ‘Opelu fishing
5. Trolling
6. Making poi
7. Drying fish
8. Hunting
Activities & Social Events:
1= Unfamiliar/don’t know‚ 2= You know how to do‚ 3= You dodon’t know
1. Hula
2. Chanting/playing music
3. Listening to Hawaiian music
4. Listening to Hawaiian radio stations
5. Merry Monarch
6. Hawaiian clubs
7. Canoe paddling
8. Lei making
9. Hawaiian crafts
10.Baby lu’au
Folklore & Legends:
1= Unfamiliar/don’t know‚ 2= You understand‚ 3= You believe in
1. Nightmarchers
2. Menehunes
3. Pele
4. Ti leaf as protection
5. Kahuna
Causes-Locations
1= Unfamiliar/don’t know‚ 2= You know about‚ 3= You believe in support
1. Waiahole/Waikane
2. Waimanalo Beach
3. Sand Island
Causes-Access
1. Access rights to the ocean
2. Access rights to the mountains
seven subscales:
(a) Lifestyles (8 items; traditional lifestyle with particular emphasis on food gathering and preparation);(b) Customs (11 items; spiritual and religious traditions and rituals of Hawaiians);(c) Activities (10 items; social gatherings‚ events‚ and activities that perpetuateHawaiian dance‚ music‚ sports‚ and arts);(d) Folklore (5 items; traditional stories and beliefs of Hawaiian mythic heroes‚heroines‚ and superstitions);(e) Causes-Locations (3 items; political causes involving land‚ water‚ and fishingrights);(f) Causes-Access (2 items; political causes involving access to the ocean andmountains);(g) Language Proficiency (2 items; understand and speak the Hawaiian language).
This instrument can be found at: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ssw/projects/pmap/docs/hishinuma_hcsa.pdf & Fischer‚ Joel.‚ Corcoran‚ Kevin J. (2007). Measures for Clinical Practice and research: A sourcebook. (4th ed.). NY. Oxford University Pr. Vol. 1‚ Page (s): 540-543.
Hishinuma‚ E. S.‚ McArdle‚ J. J.‚ Miyamoto‚ R. H.‚ Nahulu‚ S. B.‚ Makini‚ Jr.‚ G. K.‚ Yuen‚ Y. C.‚ Nishimura‚ S. T.‚ McDermott‚ Jr.‚ J. F.‚ Waldron‚ J. A.‚ Luke‚ K. L.‚ & Yates‚ A. (2000). Psychometric Properties of the Hawaiian Culture Scale-Adolescent Version. Psychological Assessment‚ 12(2)‚ 140-157.
Bell‚ C.K.‚ Goebert‚ D. A.‚ Andrade‚ N. N.‚ Johnson‚ R. C.‚ McDermott‚ J.F.‚ et al. (2001). Sociocultural factors influencing adolescent preference and use of native Hawaiian healers. Complementary Therapies in Medicine‚ 9(4)‚ 224-231.
Hishinuma‚ E. S.‚ Andrade‚ N. N‚ et al‚ (2000). Hawaiian Culture Scale- Adolescent (HCS-A). In Fischer‚ Joel.‚ Corcoran‚ Kevin J. (2007). Measures for Clinical Practice and research: A sourcebook. (4th ed.). NY. Oxford University Pr. Vol. 1‚ Page (s): 540-543.