Determinants of Environmentally Responsible Behaviour Among Tourists–Model Inventory

Abstract

The Determinants of Environmentally Responsible Behaviour Among Tourists–Model (Batool, Dada, & Shah, 2023) was developed for the purpose of a study investigating the sociodemographic determinants of environmental knowledge, behavioral intention, emotion affinity, and resultant responsible behavior. Proposed items were adapted from previous research (e.g., Fall-Diallo et al., 2015; Ghazali et al., 2019; Kim et al., 2018). Evaluated using structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis, the resulting measure was administered to a sample of tourists. Results concerning factor structure, reliability, and validity were reported.

Keywords

Behavioral Intention; Emotional Affinity Towards Nature; Environmentally Responsible Behavior; Tourists

Authors

Batool, Nusrat; Dada, Zubair-Ahmad; Shah, Shamim-Ahmad

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Purpose

The purpose of this measurement model is to assess determinants of environmentally responsible behavior among tourists.

Validity

Convergent and Discriminant validity: AVE was above 0.50 among the constructs, and all items had a loading factor more significant than the minimum of .7, supporting the convergent validity (Hair et al., 2005). Additionally, the results showed that the square root of a construct’s AVE (Average Variance Extracted) consistently exceeded the inter-construct correlation coefficient, as Fornell and Larcker (1981) predicted.

Reliability

Internal consistency: Cronbach’s alpha and CR values ranged from .703-.890 and .943-.961 respectively, among the constructs.

Factor Analysis

Confirmatory factor analysis: The measurement model was was found to have acceptable fit indices (Hu & Bentler, 1995): Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = .971; Root Mean Square Residual (RMSR) = .05; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = .944; and Normed Fit Index (NFI) = .997.

Instrument: Determinants of Environmentally Responsible Behaviour Among Tourists–Model

Test Type: Original
Format: Inventory/Questionnaire
Language Available: English
Population Group: Human; Male; Female
Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs); Thirties (30-39 yrs); Middle Age (40-64 yrs)
Population Details: Location: India, Respondents: Tourists
Test Methodology: Test Validity; Convergent Validity; Discriminant Validity; Test Reliability; Internal Consistency; Factor Analysis; Confirmatory Factor Analysis; Measurement Model; Structural Equation Modeling

Keywords

Behavioral Intention; Emotional Affinity Towards Nature; Environmentally Responsible Behavior; Tourists

Authors

Author ORCID Identifier:
Nusrat Batool: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-3211

Affiliation:
Nusrat Batool: University of Kashmir, Geography and Disaster Management
Zubair-Ahmad Dada: University of Kashmir
Shamim-Ahmad Shah: University of Kashmir

Email addresses:
Nusrat Batool: [email protected]

Correspondence Address:
Nusrat Batool: University of Kashmir, Geography and Disaster Management, Srinagar, India, [email protected]

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

Permissions: Contact Publisher
Fee: No
Commercial: No
Test Year: 2023

References

Batool, N., Dada, Z.-A., & Shah, S.-A. (2023). Sociodemographic determinants of environmental attitude, environmental knowledge, emotional affinity and responsible behaviour among tourists: A case study of the Western Himalayas. PsyEcology, 14(3), 363–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/21711976.2023.2240615

Items of the Determinants of Environmentally Responsible Behaviour Among Tourists–Model

This is a 20-item measure.
Constructs: Environmentally responsible behavior (ERB); Emotional affinity towards nature (EATN); Behavioral Intention (BI).
Test Items Available: Yes
Test Location: 2024-19642-003, Table 2, Page 369; 2024-19642-003, Table 2, Page 380

Construct: Environmentally responsible behaviour (ERB) (Fall-Diallo et al. (2015))

• I agree to contribute to local, sustainable tourism initiatives.

• I am willing to devote my time and efforts to implementing sustainable tourism initiatives.

• I am willing to pay extra to offset my environmental impact.

• I am willing to spend my money in the visited region to help the local people.

• I pay special attention to the resources available in the nation I am visiting.

Construct: Emotional affinity towards nature (EATN; Ghazali et al., (2019) and Kim et al. (2018))

• I feel an obligation to buy green products where possible.

• I get angry when I think about how pollution hurts plants and animals.

• I am dissatisfied and outraged when I consider how the tourist sector contributes to pollution.

• When I consider the pollution that has harmed the trees and creatures of this place, I am enraged.

• It irritates me that the government needs to do more to assist with pollution management at this location.

Construct: Environmental Knowledge (EK; Kim et al. (2018) and Li and Wu (2020))

• I know the action that could mitigate the negative impact on the natural environment in the destination region.

• I am aware of measures that might reduce the harmful effect on wild animals and plants in the destination regions.

• I am aware of activities that might reduce water contamination in the tourist location.

• I am very knowledgeable about environmental issues.

• I know that I buy environmentally safe products.

Construct: Behavioural Intention (BI; Kiatkawsin and Han (2017) and Park et al. (2018))

• I will prefer to stay at green hotels to protect the environment.

• I will consider switching to environmentally friendly brands for ecological reasons.

• I would buy eco or organic products when possible.

• I would prefer to buy local products.

• I would be prepared to pay a tax to aid the environment.

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Constructo: Conducta ambientalmente responsable (CAR; Fall-Diallo et al. (2015))

• Estoy de acuerdo en contribuir con iniciativas locales para el turismo sostenible.

• Estoy dispuesto/a a dedicar mi tiempo y esfuerzo para implementar iniciativas de turismo sostenible.

• Estoy dispuesto/a a pagar más para compensar por mi impacto ambiental.

• Estoy dispuesto/a a gastar dinero en la región de visita para ayudar a la gente local.

• Presto especial atención a los recursos disponibles en el país que visito.

Constructo: Afinidad emocional con la naturaleza (AEN; Ghazali et al. (2019) and Kim et al. (2018))

• Siento la obligación de comprar productos verdes cuando es posible.

• Me enfado cuando pienso el daño que hace la contaminación a las plantas y a los animals.

• Me siento insatisfecho e indignados cuando pienso cuánto contribuye el sector turístico a la contaminación.

• Me encolerizo cuando pienso en la contaminación que ha dañado a los árboles y criaturas de este lugar.

• Me irrita que el gobierno tenga que hacer más para ayudar con la gestión de la contaminación en este lugar.

Constructo: Conocimiento ambiental (CA; Kim et al. (2018) and Li and Wu (2020))

• Sé qué acción podría mitigar el impacto negativo sobre el ambiente natural en mi lugar de destino.

• Soy consciente de las medidas que podrían reducir el impacto dañino sobre los animales y plantas salvajes en mi lugar de destino.

• Soy consciente de las actividades que podrían reducir la contaminación del agua en el lugar turístico.

• Tengo muchos conocimientos sobre los problemas medioambientales.

• Sé que compro productos medioambientalmente seguros.

Constructo: Intención Conductual (IC; Kiatkawsin and Han (2017) and Park et al. (2018))

• Prefiero alojarme en hoteles verdes para proteger el medio ambiente.

• Consideraré cambiar a marcas ambientalmente responsables por motivos ecológicos.

• Compraría productos ecológicos u orgánicos cuando fuera posible.

• Preferiría comprar productos locales.

• Estaría dispuesto/a a pagar un impuesto para ayudar al medio ambiente.