Attitudes Toward Student Athletes Implicit Association Tasks

Description

The Attitudes Toward Student Athletes Implicit Association Tasks (Tran et al., 2024) were developed as part of a U.S.-based study examining implicit attitudes toward student-athletes. These tasks assess college students’ perceptions of intelligence and pleasantness of White and Black student-athletes. In line with the Stereotype Content Model (SCM; Fiske et al., 2002), the study explores both positive (pleasantness) and negative (unintelligence) stereotypes about student-athletes using the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Three distinct IAT tasks were created: the intelligence IAT evaluates implicit attitudes toward the intelligence of White student-athletes compared to non-athletes, the race IAT compares implicit intelligence attitudes toward White and Black student-athletes, and the pleasantness IAT assesses attitudes toward the likability of White student-athletes and White non-athletes. The tasks were developed using E-Prime 2.0 software, with pilot tests to refine stimuli, in accordance with established research practices. No reliability or validity data are available for these measures.

Author

• Tran, Alisia G. T. T. ORCID
• Eustice, Kristi L.
• Lam, Christina K.
• Holzapfel, Jennifer
• Mintert, Jeffrey S.

Purpose

The purpose of these tasks is to assess implicit attitudes of college students toward student-athletes, specifically focusing on perceived intelligence and likability, and examining how these perceptions differ based on race (Black vs. White student-athletes) and athlete status (student-athletes vs. non-athletes).

Construct

The tasks assess implicit attitudes toward two main constructs:

• Intelligence: Implicit perceptions of intelligence toward student-athletes compared to non-athletes.
• Pleasantness: Implicit perceptions of likability and pleasantness ascribed to student-athletes.

Instrument Type

Task

Items of the “Attitudes Toward Student Athletes Implicit Association Tasks”

• Number of Items: Not specified
• Stimuli: Facial images of White student-athletes, Black student-athletes, and White non-athletes (5 images per group)
• Rating Scale: Implicit measures based on response latencies (IAT D-scores)
• Format: Electronic

Reliability and Validity

Reliability

No reliability data are available for this measure.

Validity

No validity data are indicated for this measure.

Factor Analysis

No factor analysis was conducted for this tool.

Test Methodology

The test utilizes Implicit Association Tests to measure implicit attitudes based on response latencies for compatible and incompatible tasks. The derived D-scores represent the strength of implicit associations between the target concepts.

Items of “Attitudes Toward Student Athletes Implicit Association Tasks”

The tasks assess implicit attitudes related to intelligence and pleasantness, using facial stimuli and response latencies for scoring.

Reference

Tran, A. G. T. T., Eustice, K. L., Lam, C. K., Holzapfel, J., & Mintert, J. S. (2024). Foul play: Implicit and explicit attitudes toward student-athletes. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000538