Table of Contents
The AI Risks and Benefits Scale (AIRBS) was created to measure people’s thoughts on the risks and benefits of AI in healthcare. It was used in a study about people’s preference for human doctors over AI-suggested treatments. The scale has 19 questions based on previous research and a test. It was tested for its structure and reliability.
Test Format:
Items are rated from 1 = very unlikely to 7 = very likely.
Source:
Adapted from: Kerstan, Sophie, Bienefeld, Nadine, & Grote, Gudela. (2024). Choosing human over AI doctorsHow comparative trust associations and knowledge relate to risk and benefit perceptions of AI in healthcare. Risk Analysis, Vol 44(4), 939-957. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/risa.14216.
Risk-benefit perceptions
In your opinion, how likely are the following risks or benefits to occur? Al in
healthcare might …
Risks:
RI … fail to recognize the uniqueness of each patient’s condition
R2 … result in a loss of jobs for healthcare professionals
R3 … increase patient data security breaches
R4 … lead to ethical problems
R5 … introduce new bugs and equipment failures
R6 … result in overreliance on technology
R7 … dehumanize care
R8 … increase medical errors
R9 … provide unreliable information
R10 … measure patient parameters inaccurately
Benefits:
Bl … reduce medical errors
B2 … enable a more personalized care
B3 … facilitate the prediction of negative health events
B4 … improve information sharing between patients and healthcare providers
B5 … improve the accessibility of care
B6 … provide more accurate health data measurements
B7 … help in monitoring treatment efficiency
B8 … help in diagnosing health problems
B9 … help in choosing adequate treatments
7-point Likert scale:
- 1 = very unlikely
- 7 = very likely
Cite this article
Mohammed looti (2026). AI Risks and Benefits Scale. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Retrieved from https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/ai-risks-and-benefits-scale/
Mohammed looti. "AI Risks and Benefits Scale." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 3 Apr. 2026, https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/ai-risks-and-benefits-scale/.
Mohammed looti. "AI Risks and Benefits Scale." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 2026. https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/ai-risks-and-benefits-scale/.
Mohammed looti (2026) 'AI Risks and Benefits Scale', PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Available at: https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/ai-risks-and-benefits-scale/.
[1] Mohammed looti, "AI Risks and Benefits Scale," PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, vol. X, no. Y, ص Z-Z, April, 2026.
Mohammed looti. AI Risks and Benefits Scale. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. 2026;vol(issue):pages.