Self Leadership Scale – Chinese Version

Description

With the development of the knowledge economy, a new leadership model advocating “self-leadership” and “super leadership” has gained prominence in enterprises and public institutions in Western countries. Jackson (2005) pointed out in his doctoral thesis that most previous studies on leadership were focused on the leaders themselves rather than the followers, believing that leadership is a process of influencing others. However, an increasing number of scholars have begun to recognize the significance of the leaders themselves, discovering that leadership is not merely an outward process; individuals can lead and control their own behavior through internal influences. Richard (2008) described self-leadership as the “ultimate leadership task,” arguing that to possess or maintain leadership, one must transform or restructure to perfect the organization, and to facilitate change, one must first change oneself and engage in self-leadership by continually considering their true needs, values, and courage. Scholars have investigated self-leadership from various perspectives. Blanchard (1995) noted that self-leadership in the workplace is equivalent to individual empowerment, where employees proactively seek and develop their authority, reducing reliance on others’ leadership and contributing more to their work through their efforts. Steward (1996) defined self-leadership as an environmental intervention, allowing employees to effectively increase desirable behaviors under the influence of self-leadership.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

The research and application of self-leadership aim to enhance individual self-management, self-motivation, and overall work performance.

Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

The self-leadership scale comprises items presented in the first person, where respondents assess their psychological states and behaviors in relation to the described conditions. They choose from options on a 5-point Likert Scale, where 5 indicates complete agreement and 1 indicates complete disagreement.

Reliability and Validity

The reliability coefficients for the subscales are as follows:
– Dimension 1 (α=0.73): 行为聚焦策略 (Behavior-Focused Strategies)
– Dimension 2 (α=0.89): 自然回报策略 (Natural Reward Strategies)
– Dimension 3 (α=0.88): 建设性思维策略 (Constructive Thought Strategies)

Factors and Subscales

Self-leadership is primarily categorized into three distinct yet complementary strategies:
1. 行为聚焦策略 (Behavior-Focused Strategies)
2. 自然回报策略 (Natural Reward Strategies)
3. 建设性思维策略 (Constructive Thought Strategies)

Keywords

Self-leadership, empowerment, self-management, individual motivation, leadership effectiveness

Items in Chinese

1. 我会给自己的工作设置目标与规划
2. 我会为自己近期的工作设置具体目标并有计划地努力去实现
3. 我会朝着我自己设定的目标去努力工作
4. 我有时会在心里念叨一些鼓励自己的话
5. 确立目标后，我会默默地对自己说：“我能做到的”
6. 当处境艰难时，我会自我鼓劲，以助我度过难关
7. 如果工作干得出色，我会选择一项自己喜欢的活动来奖赏自己
8. 当我出色完成一项任务时，我会款待一下自己，如大餐、看电影或逛街
9. 一旦我顺利完成一项任务，我常用一些喜欢的东西来奖励自己
10. 我可以想象自己顺利完成一项重要任务的情形是什么样
11. 行动前我会想自己能够成功地完成任务
12. 我有时会在任务没完成前，就在心里勾画自己成功完成任务时的情景
13. 面临重要任务或挑战时，我常会想象怎样去做及最后取得成功的情景
14. 我能更多地看到工作中的积极方面而非其消极方面
15. 我不断追求工作中我所喜欢的活动
16. 对我来说，在工作中获得乐趣和从事工作本身并不矛盾
17. 比起工作的烦恼，我会更享受工作中的偷快

Items in English

1. I set goals and plans for my work.
2. I set specific goals for my recent work and plan to achieve them.
3. I work hard towards the goals I set for myself.
4. Sometimes, I encourage myself with positive self-talk.
5. After setting a goal, I silently tell myself, “I can do it.”
6. When faced with difficulties, I motivate myself to get through them.
7. If I perform well at work, I choose a favorite activity to reward myself.
8. When I successfully complete a task, I treat myself, such as having a nice meal, watching a movie, or shopping.
9. Once I successfully complete a task, I often reward myself with something I like.
10. I can imagine what it would be like to successfully complete an important task.
11. Before acting, I think about how I can successfully complete the task.
12. Sometimes I visualize myself successfully completing the task before it is finished.
13. When facing important tasks or challenges, I often picture how I will do it and ultimately succeed.
14. I tend to see the positive aspects of work rather than the negatives.
15. I constantly pursue activities that I enjoy at work.
16. For me, having fun at work and doing the work itself are not contradictory.
17. Compared to the worries of work, I enjoy the pleasures I find in my work more.

References

苗青 -.人力资源管理研究与实践:前沿量表手册[M].浙江大学出版社,2015.