Revised Saving Inventory – Chinese Version

Description

The concept of hoarding originates from psychoanalytic theory. Freud believed that hoarding behavior is the result of failure in the development of the anal personality, where the accumulation of money symbolizes the retention of feces. It reflects the stingy aspect of the “anal triad” (comprising orderliness, stinginess, and stubbornness) in personality (Zhang Chuan Kai, 1987). Fromm also mentioned hoarding from a psychopathological perspective, viewing it as a non-reproductive personality characterized by suspicion and social isolation, where individuals collect and store items to attain a sense of security (Fromm, 1947). Later, Jones expanded Freud’s viewpoint, positing that the objects of hoarding include not only money but also various items (Liu Yong, 2013). In 1993, Frost and Gross defined hoarding explicitly for the first time, encompassing hoarding behavior and its resultant effects as compulsive hoarding behaviors. They noted that compulsive hoarding behaviors mainly include: ① excessive acquisition and inability to discard a large number of seemingly useless or valueless items; ② living spaces filled with items to the extent that these areas cannot function normally; ③ significant distress and impairment in psychological and behavioral functioning due to hoarding. This definition provided an operable concept for early research on hoarding behaviors (Tang Tan, Wang Jianping, Tang Suqin et al., 2012).

Authors and Contact Email

Tang Tan, Wang Jianping, Tang Suqin et al. (email information not available)

Purpose

To provide a revised hoarding scale suitable for assessing hoarding behaviors among Chinese college students.

Test Year

2012

Administration Method and Scoring

The revised hoarding scale, titled “大学生囤积量表修订版” (College Student Hoarding Scale Revised), includes 23 items and three factors: 获取 (Acquisition), 难丢弃 (Difficulty in Discarding), and 堆积 (Clutter). It adopts a four-point scoring system, with a total score ranging from 0-92. The cutoff scores in the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve are 41 for the total scale, 17 for clutter, 14 for difficulty in discarding, and 9 for excessive acquisition.

Reliability and Validity

The scale demonstrates good content validity and predictive validity, with internal consistency coefficients exceeding 0.87 and test-retest reliability above 0.78.

Factors and Subscales

– 获取 (Acquisition)
– 难丢弃 (Difficulty in Discarding)
– 堆积 (Clutter)

Keywords

Hoarding behavior, psychological assessment, college students, compulsive hoarding, reliability, validity

Items in Chinese

1. 在你家里,堆积的杂物占据了多少生活空间(根据你家的厨房、客厅、餐厅过道、卧室、卫生间或其他房间里堆积的杂物的量)?
2. 你在多大程度上能控制自己获得物品的渴望?
3. 你家里有多少地方因堆积杂物而无法使用?
4. 你在多大程度上能控制自己储存东西的冲动?
5. 你家里有多少地方因堆积杂物而难以穿过?
6. 你扔弃东西的困难程度有多大?
7. 不得已扔掉东西让你有多痛苦?
8. 你在多大程度上由于东西太多而使得房间里杂物堆积如山?
9. 你如果不能得到自己想要的东西,会感觉有多痛苦或不舒服?
10. 你家里堆积的杂物在多大程度上影响了你的社会工作或日常生活?
11. 你是否强烈渴望购买或得到免费的但却不是当前需要的东西?
12. 你家里堆积的杂物在多大程度上引起了你的痛苦?
13. 保留那些你明明知道水远都不会用到的东西,这种渴望有多强烈?
14. 获取东西的习惯让你感觉不安或痛苦吗?
15. 你在多大程度上感觉不制在家里堆积余物?
16. 储存或强迫性购买东西在多大程度上导致了你经济上的困难?
17. 你由于清除东西会带来太大压力或耗费太多时间,而回避做此事的频率有多?
18. 见到一样东西就感觉想得到它,这种情况发生的频率有多高?
19. 决定保留那些你不需要而且没有地方放的东西,这种情况发生的频率有多高?
20. 因家里堆积杂物而无法邀请别人来你家做客,这种情况发生的频率有多高?
21. 即使有些东西现在用不着或不需要,你也要买下(或免费获得),这种情况发生的频率有多高?
22. 你家里堆积的杂物在多大程度上使得那些地方不能发挥原有的用途?比如:做饭、使用家具、洗餐具、打扫卫生等等
23. 你不能扔掉那些你本想清除的东西,这种情况发生的频率有多高?

Items in English

1. To what extent do the accumulated clutter in your home occupy your living space (based on the amount of clutter in your kitchen, living room, dining room, hallway, bedroom, bathroom, or other rooms)?
2. To what extent can you control your desire to acquire items?
3. How many places in your home are unusable due to accumulated clutter?
4. To what extent can you control your impulse to store items?
5. How many places in your home are difficult to navigate due to accumulated clutter?
6. How difficult is it for you to discard items?
7. How painful is it for you to be forced to throw away items?
8. To what extent has having too many items caused the clutter in your room to pile up?
9. How much pain or discomfort do you feel if you cannot obtain what you want?
10. To what extent does the clutter in your home affect your social work or daily life?
11. Do you have a strong desire to buy or receive free items that you do not currently need?
12. To what extent does the accumulated clutter in your home cause you distress?
13. How strong is your desire to keep items that you know you will never use?
14. Does the habit of acquiring items make you feel restless or distressed?
15. To what extent do you feel out of control with the clutter in your home?
16. To what extent does storing or compulsive buying cause you financial difficulties?
17. How often do you avoid decluttering because it would bring too much stress or take too much time?
18. How often do you feel the urge to obtain something when you see it, such as when shopping or offered free products?
19. How often do you decide to keep things you do not need and have no place to put?
20. How often do you avoid inviting others to your home due to the clutter?
21. How often do you buy (or receive free) things that you currently do not need?
22. To what extent does the clutter in your home prevent those areas from functioning as intended? For example: cooking, using furniture, washing dishes, cleaning, etc.
23. How often do you find it difficult to throw away items that you intended to clear out?

References

唐谭, 王建平, 唐苏勤,等. 囤积量表修订版在中国大学生中的修订[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2012(01):25-28.
郭婷. 高校生囤积行为的特征及其执行功能研究[D].