Padua Inventory (PI) – Chinese Version

Description

The Padua Inventory (PI) is a self-report measure consisting of 60 items designed for the assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. It has demonstrated good reliability and validity. Research has shown that the inventory effectively distinguishes between normal populations and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. This study utilized a revised version by Zhong Jie et al., retaining 48 items and 4 factors, namely “思维失控感与怀疑感” (feeling of losing control and doubt), “受驱使感与行为失控感” (feeling driven and loss of control over behavior), “污染” (contamination), and “检査” (checking).

Authors and Contact Email

Information not available

Purpose

To evaluate obsessive-compulsive symptoms among college students and analyze their relationships with metacognition.

Test Year

Information not available

Administration Method and Scoring

The research was conducted with college freshmen to seniors at a university in Changchun, utilizing group administration by a counselor, with a total of 240 questionnaires distributed, resulting in 204 valid responses.

Reliability and Validity

The instrument has shown good reliability and validity in distinguishing normal individuals from those with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Factors and Subscales

– 思维失控感与怀疑感 (Feeling of losing control and doubt)
– 受驱使感与行为失控感 (Feeling driven and loss of control over behavior)
– 污染 (Contamination)
– 检査 (Checking)

Keywords

Padua Inventory, obsessive-compulsive disorder, metacognition, college students, reliability, validity

Items in Chinese

1、当我摸到钱币时，我觉得自己手脏。
2、我认为即使是少量接触人体的分泌物(汗水、唾液、尿液等)也可能会污染了我的衣服或者对我造成某种形式的伤害。
3、当我获知某件物品已被陌生人或某人接触过时，我发现自己很难去碰那件物品了。
4、我发现自己很难去接触垃圾桶或者脏东西。
5、因为害怕疾病和污染物，我避免使用公厕。
6、因为害怕传染疾病，我避免使用公用电话。
7、我洗手的次数和时间比必要的更多一些。
8、我有时仅仅因为觉得自己可能脏了或被污染了而不得不清洗或弄干净自己。
9、如果我碰了自认为被污染过的东西，我会立刻去清洗或弄干净自己。
10、如果一只动物碰了我，我会感到脏并且立刻去清洗自己或换衣服。
11、当我感到怀疑和担忧时，我无法平息直到自己向一位可靠的人反复诉说以后。
12、当我说话时，我往往重复同一件事情和同一句话。
13、在我认为事情已被妥善处理之前我不得不做很多遍。
14、在我关上煤气、水龙头和电灯开关之后，我要反复检查好多遍。
15、我返回家检查门、窗、橱柜等，以确认它们已被关好。
16、我反复检查火柴、雪茄等是否已被熄灭。
17、当我拿着钱时，我会数它们好几遍。
18、寄信前，我会很仔细地检查信件许多遍。
19、即使是对于不重要的事情，我发现自己也很难做决定。
20、有时我不能肯定我是否做了某事，但事实上我已经做了。
21、我有种感觉，自己永远不能够将事情表达清楚，特别是在谈论那些与我有关的事情时。
22、在很仔细地做了某事以后，我仍然感到自己可能做得很糟或者没有完成它。
23、对于我所做的大部分事情我会产生怀疑和问题。
24、当我开始思考某些事情的时候，我对他们感到困惑。
25、不愉快的想法违背我的意愿进入我的脑中，而我无法摆脱他们。
26、我的脑子常常不听我的使唤，并且我发现自己很难注意发生在我周围的事情。
27、我想象我所犯的小错误或者心不在焉会导致灾难性的后果。
28、我过分地思考或担心是否曾伤害了某人而自己却没有意识到。
29、当我听到灾祸时，我认为它可能是我的错。
30、我有时无缘无故会过分担忧自己伤害了自己或者得了某种疾病。
31、我有时无缘无故开始数一些东西。
32、我感到我不得不记住一些完全无关紧要的数字。
33、阅读时，我感到自己遗漏了某些重要的细节必须返回重读该段落至少两三次。
34、我为记忆完全无关紧要的事情和努力不去遗忘他们而感到担忧。
35、当我的脑中出现某种想法或怀疑时，我不得不用各种观点去检验它并且无法停止直到我完全想通为止。
36、在某些情况下，我很害怕失控并且做出尴尬的事情。
37、当我从一座桥上或很高的窗户向下望时，我感到有一种想要跳下去的冲动。
38、当我看到一辆火车驶近的时候，我有时想卧轨。
39、在某些时刻，我有在大庭广众下扯掉衣服的冲动。
40、当驾驶的时候，我有时有要撞某人或某物的冲动。
41、看见武器时我感到兴奋并且产生暴力的想法。
42、我有时感到在我体内有某种东西驱使我去做无意义和我不想做的事情。
43、我有时感到有无缘无故打破或摔坏东西的需要。
44、我有时有盗窃他人财物的冲动，即使它们对于我毫无用处。
45、我有时几乎无法抑制地想要在超市偷东西。
46、我有时有一种冲动要伤害无防卫能力的孩子或者动物。
47、在特定的情境下我感到有要吃很多东西的冲动，即使我会因此而感到不适。
48、当我听到自杀或犯罪事件时，我会长时间心烦并且发现很难不去想它们。

Items in English

1. When I touch coins, I feel that my hands are dirty.
2. I believe that even a small amount of contact with human secretions (sweat, saliva, urine, etc.) may contaminate my clothes or cause some form of harm to me.
3. When I find out that an item has been touched by a stranger or someone, I find it hard to touch that item.
4. I find it difficult to touch garbage cans or dirty objects.
5. Due to my fear of illness and contaminants, I avoid using public toilets.
6. Due to my fear of infectious diseases, I avoid using public phones.
7. I wash my hands more times and for longer than necessary.
8. Sometimes I feel I have to wash or clean myself just because I think I might be dirty or contaminated.
9. If I touch something that I believe has been contaminated, I will immediately wash or clean myself.
10. If an animal touches me, I feel dirty and immediately wash myself or change clothes.
11. When I feel doubt and worry, I cannot calm down until I repeatedly tell a trusted person.
12. When I speak, I often repeat the same thing and the same sentence.
13. I have to do many things repeatedly until I believe they have been properly handled.
14. After I turn off the gas, faucet, and light switch, I need to check them many times.
15. I return home to check doors, windows, cabinets, etc., to confirm they are closed properly.
16. I check matches, cigars, etc., repeatedly to ensure they are extinguished.
17. When I have money, I count it several times.
18. Before sending a letter, I carefully check it many times.
19. Even for unimportant matters, I find it hard to make decisions.
20. Sometimes I cannot be sure if I have done something, but in fact, I have already done it.
21. I have a feeling that I can never express things clearly, especially when talking about things concerning me.
22. After doing something very carefully, I still feel that I may have done it poorly or not completed it.
23. I tend to have doubts and questions about most things I do.
24. When I start to think about certain things, I feel confused about them.
25. Unpleasant thoughts intrude into my mind against my will, and I cannot get rid of them.
26. My mind often does not respond to my commands, and I find it hard to pay attention to what is happening around me.
27. I imagine that my small mistakes or distractions will lead to disastrous consequences.
28. I overthink or worry about whether I have harmed someone without realizing it.
29. When I hear about disasters, I think it might be my fault.
30. I sometimes worry excessively about having harmed myself or having contracted some illness.
31. I sometimes start counting things for no reason.
32. I feel I have to memorize some completely trivial numbers.
33. While reading, I feel that I have missed some important details and must go back to reread that paragraph at least two or three times.
34. I worry about remembering entirely trivial things and trying not to forget them.
35. When a thought or doubt arises in my mind, I have to verify it from various perspectives and cannot stop until I fully understand it.
36. In certain situations, I am very afraid of losing control and doing something embarrassing.
37. When I look down from a bridge or a high window, I feel an urge to jump down.
38. When I see a train approaching, I sometimes think about lying on the tracks.
39. At certain moments, I feel an urge to tear off my clothes in public.
40. When driving, I sometimes have the impulse to crash into someone or something.
41. I feel excited when I see weapons and have violent thoughts.
42. I sometimes feel like something inside me drives me to do meaningless things that I do not want to do.
43. I sometimes feel an urge to break or throw away things for no reason.
44. I sometimes have the impulse to steal other people’s belongings, even if they are of no use to me.
45. I sometimes have an almost uncontrollable urge to shoplift at supermarkets.
46. I sometimes have an urge to hurt defenseless children or animals.
47. In specific situations, I feel an impulse to eat a lot, even if it will make me uncomfortable.
48. When I hear about suicide or crime events, I feel disturbed for a long time and find it difficult not to think about them.

References

袁湘睿.大学生强迫性元认知与强迫程度的现状及关系研究[D].东北师范大学.
张樱樱, 童辉杰. 非临床群体思想融合信念、元认知和强迫症状的关系%Study on the Relationship among Thought Fusion beliefs,Meta-cognitions and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Non-clinical Population[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2015, 000(004):508-511,512.