Parental Autonomy Support Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Autonomy Support refers to an individual’s perception of support from significant others (such as teachers and parents) regarding their freedom of choice and autonomy in decision-making. This support includes valuable information, emotional validation, and a sense of reduced pressure. It places four requirements on significant others who provide support: Firstly, there should be a basic explanation for the requested behaviors. Secondly, the ability to understand the other’s feelings from their perspective is essential. Thirdly, there should be opportunities for choice and encouragement of initiative. Lastly, controlling behaviors should be minimized. Parents’ words and actions have a crucial role in subtly influencing children. In recent years, researchers have focused more on positive parenting styles, such as autonomy support, rather than controlling parenting, highlighting that autonomy support contributes to children’s healthy mental state and positive behaviors. Parental autonomy support is considered a positive parenting style that fosters children’s autonomous behavior, characterized by autonomy, support, and empathy. Ryan and Deci (2000) argued that parental autonomy support means parents trigger children’s agency, encouraging their independent development and self-choice. This concept encapsulates the fulfillment of the three basic psychological needs of individuals during development, revealing the positive effects of a supportive environment on their physical and mental well-being.

Authors and Contact Email

唐芹, 方晓义, 胡伟, et al.

Purpose

To explore the relationship between parental autonomy support and student development.

Test Year

2013

Administration Method and Scoring

The Parental Autonomy Support Scale (PASS) created by 唐芹 and colleagues consists of 12 items administered using a 5-point Likert scale: 1 represents “非常不符合” (very inconsistent), 2 represents “比较不符合” (relatively inconsistent), 3 represents “有点符合” (somewhat consistent), 4 represents “比较符合” (relatively consistent), and 5 represents “非常符合” (very consistent). The overall score is the average of all item scores, with higher scores indicating higher perceived parental autonomy support. The internal consistency reliability, Cronbach’s α coefficient, is 0.90.

Reliability and Validity

The internal consistency reliability of the Parental Autonomy Support Scale (PASS) is indicated by a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.90.

Factors and Subscales

Information not available.

Keywords

Autonomy Support, Parental Autonomy Support, Positive Parenting Styles, Development, Psychological Needs

Items in Chinese

1. 只要可能，父母就让我自己作选择。
2. 当我遇到问题的时候，父母倾听我的意见和观点。
3. 父母并不坚持要我按他们的方式做事。
4. 父母允许我自己的事情自己决定。
5. 父母通常愿意从我的立场来考虑事情。
6. 父母帮助我选择我自己的生活道路。
7. 当父母要我做某件事情的时候，他们向我解释为什么。
8. 即使我和父母对某件事有不同的看法，他们也不生我的气。
9. 父母让我自己计划我想做的事。
10. 在决定和我有关的事情时，父母鼓励我提出自己的想法和意见。
11. 父母信任我，他们相信，不用监督，我也会按他们的期望去做。
12. 父母并不坚持我做每件事都要征求他们的许可。

Items in English

1. As much as possible, my parents allow me to make my own choices.
2. When I have problems, my parents listen to my opinions and viewpoints.
3. My parents do not insist that I do things their way.
4. My parents allow me to decide my own matters.
5. My parents are usually willing to consider things from my perspective.
6. My parents help me choose my own path in life.
7. When my parents ask me to do something, they explain why.
8. Even when my parents and I have different opinions about something, they do not get angry with me.
9. My parents let me plan what I want to do.
10. When deciding matters related to me, my parents encourage me to express my thoughts and opinions.
11. My parents trust me; they believe that I will meet their expectations without supervision.
12. My parents do not insist that I ask for their permission for everything I do.

References

唐芹, 方晓义, 胡伟,等.父母和教师自主支持与高中生发展的关系[J].心理发展与教育,2013,29(06):604-615.DOI:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2013.06.003.
李文博.父母自主支持、基本心理需要与中学生学习焦虑的关系及教育对策[D].河南大学,2020.DOI:10.27114/d.cnki.ghnau.2020.000612.