Negative Cognitive Processing Bias Questionnaire – Chinese Version

Description

Cognitive impairment is one of the key pathogenic factors of depression. According to BECK et al., the biased processing of negative information by depressed patients is the main reason for the persistence or even exacerbation of depressive symptoms. Traumatic experiences in childhood can lead individuals to develop negative cognitive schemas, which are activated in the face of negative life events, resulting in negative automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions. As a result, depressed patients exhibit negative biases in perception, attention, memory, and reasoning.

Authors and Contact Email

闫晓钒、张睿 et al. (2017)

Purpose

This questionnaire aims to measure negative cognitive processing biases in individuals, particularly those at risk for or suffering from depression.

Test Year

2017

Administration Method and Scoring

Respondents should carefully read each item and mark “√” next to the number that best fits their situation (only one option can be selected for each item), where 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent “completely disagree,” “disagree,” “agree,” and “completely agree,” respectively.

Reliability and Validity

The internal consistency reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s α) for the negative cognitive processing bias questionnaire and its dimensions are 0.893, 0.733, 0.675, 0.666, and 0.752, respectively. The split-half reliability coefficients are 0.866, 0.738, 0.655, 0.648, and 0.725. Overall, the questionnaire exhibits high reliability and validity.

Factors and Subscales

– 负性注意偏向 (Negative Attention Bias)
– 负性记忆偏向 (Negative Memory Bias)
– 负性解释偏向 (Negative Interpretation Bias)
– 负性沉思偏向 (Negative Ruminative Bias)

Keywords

Depression, cognitive bias, negative cognition, automatic thoughts, psychological assessment

Items in Chinese

1. 我的注意力容易被电视中悲惨的画面吸引，并难以转移。
2. 我还清晰地记得某次被人嘲笑的情景。
3. 如果对面走过一个熟人，没和我打招呼。我会认为他（她）对我有意见。
4. 我从来都没有说过一句谎话。
5. 如果第一次见面的朋友对我话很少，我就会认为他（她）不喜欢我。
6. 我的注意力容易被凄厉的声音所吸引，并难以转移。
7. 我经常思考自己为什么总是不如别人。
8. 我总是清晰地记得自己的失误。
9. 假如我上台当众做了个演讲，下来后我看到旁边几个人在小声议论。我会认为他们在嘲笑我讲得不好。
10. 我经常思考为什么我这么孤独。
11. 在与别人交往的过程中，如果说错了话，我会很长时间忘不掉。
12. 如果我参加一次应聘，面试官对我全程表情严肃。我觉得这次应聘多半要失败了。
13. 我的注意力容易被别人忧郁的眼神吸引，并难以转移。
14. 我经常思考自己为什么做事缺乏兴趣和动力。
15. 即使我认为自己没有做错，别人对我的批评我也会记住很长时间。
16. 我从没生过病,哪怕是轻微的小感冒。
17. 我的注意力容易被他人悲伤的表情吸引，并难以转移。
18. 如果新上司（或老师）对我很严厉，我会认为是他（她）看我不顺眼故意找我麻烦。
19. 我经常思考为什么我的心情低落而别人没有。
20. 我很容易记住别人对我的否定评价。
21. 我的注意力容易被小说中悲惨的故事情节所吸引，并难以转移。
22. 我经常思考自己为什么这么伤心。
23. 我认真作答了本问卷。

Items in English

1. My attention is easily drawn to tragic scenes on TV and difficult to shift away.
2. I clearly remember the time I was laughed at.
3. If a familiar person walks by without greeting me, I would think he/she has something against me.
4. I have never told a single lie.
5. If a friend I’ve just met speaks very little, I would believe he/she doesn’t like me.
6. My attention is easily drawn to piercing sounds and difficult to shift away.
7. I often think about why I am always worse than others.
8. I always clearly remember my mistakes.
9. If I give a public speech and afterward see several people whispering, I would think they are mocking my poor presentation.
10. I often think about why I am so lonely.
11. In the process of interacting with others, if I say something wrong, I would not be able to forget it for a long time.
12. If I attend an interview and the interviewer has a serious expression throughout, I feel that I am likely to fail the interview.
13. My attention is easily drawn to others’ melancholic gazes and difficult to shift away.
14. I often think about why I lack interest and motivation in things I do.
15. Even if I believe I haven’t done anything wrong, I will remember others’ criticism of me for a long time.
16. I have never been ill, not even with a slight cold.
17. My attention is easily drawn to others’ sad expressions and difficult to shift away.
18. If my new boss (or teacher) is very strict with me, I would think he/she doesn’t like me and is intentionally causing me trouble.
19. I often think about why I feel down while others do not.
20. I easily remember negative evaluations from others about me.
21. My attention is easily drawn to tragic storylines in novels and difficult to shift away.
22. I often think about why I feel so sad.
23. I have answered this questionnaire seriously.

References

闫晓钒、张睿等（2017）