Generalized Sense of Power Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Power is universally present in social interactions and is an important factor that influences social relationships. Recent psychological research indicates that power has “metamorphic effects” on its holders. Powerful individuals process information more abstractly and flexibly, employing fewer diagnostic strategies and more confirmatory strategies, and are less influenced by contextual cues and the emotions of others. Behaviorally, powerful individuals tend to take on more risks in decision-making, act more swiftly in the face of annoying obstacles, and exhibit a higher consistency between their actions and goals. The explanation for these effects is primarily based on the assumption that high-power individuals think and act in ways that maintain and enhance their power, whereas low-power individuals think and act to protect themselves from potential threats (some of which come from powerful individuals). Consequently, having power leads to approach motivation and a holistic attention, making individuals less susceptible to the influence of others and feeling more secure. Conversely, lacking power triggers avoidance motivation, causing individuals to focus on potential losses, leading to narrower attention. Since approach motivation and holistic attention can enhance cognitive flexibility, break fixed thinking, and promote abstract thinking, high-power individuals tend to be more creative than their low-power counterparts.

Authors and Contact Email

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Purpose

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Test Year

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Administration Method and Scoring

In the early research into “power,” power was primarily regarded as a structural variable. Researchers typically measured power by assessing the social economic status of subjects, their hierarchical position within organizations, or their actual control over resources. Later, researchers pointed out that power could also be viewed as a psychological variable, thus leading to the measurement of psychological states related to power in individuals, similar to how other personal traits are measured. In 2006, Anderson and Galinsky developed the Generalized Sense of Power Scale to measure individuals’ subjective sense of power. The scale’s instructions are as follows: Based on your self-perception, intuitively judge the extent to which each statement describes your actual situation, where 1 means “strongly disagree,” 2 means “disagree,” 3 means “somewhat disagree,” 4 means “neutral,” 5 means “somewhat agree,” 6 means “agree,” and 7 means “strongly agree.” Please mark your chosen answer with a “√”. There are no right or wrong answers, and only one answer can be selected for each question.

Reliability and Validity

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Factors and Subscales

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Keywords

权力感 (Sense of Power), 社会关系 (Social Relations), 行为影响 (Behavioral Influence), 创造力 (Creativity), 认知灵活性 (Cognitive Flexibility)

Items in Chinese

1. 我能让大家听从我的话。
2. 我的意见在群体中没有多大份量。
3. 通常我能让周围的人按我的意愿行事。
4. 即使我一再强调，我的意见也很难被采纳。
5. 无论我怎样努力，我还是很难按自己的意愿行事。
6. 对周围的人，我认为我拥有很强的影响力。
7. 我的意见和想法经常被忽略。
8. 我能按照自己的意愿独立做出决定。

Items in English

1. I can make everyone listen to me.
2. My opinions carry little weight in the group.
3. Usually, I can get those around me to act according to my wishes.
4. Even if I emphasize my point, it is difficult for my opinions to be adopted.
5. No matter how hard I try, I still find it difficult to act according to my wishes.
6. I believe I have a strong influence on those around me.
7. My opinions and ideas are often overlooked.
8. I can independently make decisions according to my own wishes.

References

陆烨. 隔代教养对儿童创造力的影响[D].华东师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27149/d.cnki.ghdsu.2020.001521.
张凤. 功利论与道义论之外的第三论：权力感对道德困境判断中CNI参数的影响[D].浙江师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27464/d.cnki.gzsfu.2021.000413.
张珊明,罗匡,陈芸,罗伏生,钟毅平.权力感对焦虑抑郁情绪的影响[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2018,26(02):220-225+238.DOI:10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2018.02.003.