Chikui Likelihood Scale – Chinese Version

Description

In life, people sometimes choose or accept options that lead to obvious losses (e.g., unpaid overtime, giving up inheritance, etc.). The Chinese proverb “吃亏是福” (losing is a blessing) not only explains this belief but also strongly advocates such behavior. Research has found that (1) individuals with a higher likelihood of incurring losses currently tend to have a higher social economic status index (SEI) and stronger subjective well-being (SWB); (2) the current SEI can be predicted by the current likelihood of incurring losses as well as by the imagined likelihood of losses incurred years ago (i.e., previous losses can predict current gains), and the further back one imagines previous losses, the better the predictive effect. In other words, “losing is a blessing” is not just a legend but a reality.

Authors and Contact Email

Zhao Cuixia, Shen Sichu, Rao Lilin, Zheng Rui, Liu Huan, Li Shu. (2018). Contact email information not available.

Purpose

To explore the philosophical and psychological implications of the belief “losing is a blessing” and how it manifests in behavioral decisions.

Test Year

Information not available.

Administration Method and Scoring

Participants are asked to rate their likelihood of engaging in various situations on a scale from 0% to 100%, indicating their agreement with specific scenarios.

Reliability and Validity

Information not available.

Factors and Subscales

Information not available.

Keywords

Psychology, Behavioral Decision Making, Loss Aversion, Subjective Well-being, Social Economic Status

Items in Chinese

1. 张某去一家门店拿货，交完钱回家后，对方来电说刚才有张100元是假币，但并不能肯定那张假币是出自张某之手。不过张某还是专程去换了钱。设身处地想象你是那位张某，请问你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%
2. 李某把一套地毯清洗设备卖给一家酒店。但酒店收到设备后，称设备在运输途中损坏并要求退货。李某派人查看后得知，设备是在酒店组装时操作不当损坏的，公司没有任何责任。但李某依然表示愿意承担维修费用。设身处地想象你是李某，请问你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%
3. 一对老年夫妇在一暴雨的夜晚来到一家旅店，说其他的店全满了，想在这借住一晚。伙计说：“我们的旅店也满了，若你们不介意的话，就睡我的床吧！”次日早上，这对夫妇付房钱时，伙计说：“我自己的床铺不是用来赢利的，绝不能要你们的钱。”设身处地想象你是那位伙计，请问你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%
4. 某新成立的建筑公司，好不容易接到一个项目。由于项目层层转包，做完后，公司要净亏损5万元。公司负责人却说：“亏五万不如亏八万，我们一定要保证工程的进度与质量。”设身处地想象你是那位负责人，请问你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%
5. 某企业的优势产品最高可卖到5000元一件，但该企业负责人却要求定价3000元。设身处地想象你是那位负责人，请问你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%
6. 李某是园艺师，有份月薪3000元的工作。有人愿出资100万元与他合伙做生意，让李某负责树苗管理，三年后把树卖掉，双方共负盈亏。李某的家人极力反对。但李某还是辞掉工作，投入合作。设身处地想象你是李某，请问你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%
7. 孙某曾为推销出去一桌面排版印刷系统，在身上只剩4000元钱的情况下向《计算机世界》定下了一个8400元的广告版面。要求先登广告再付钱。设身处地想象你是孙某，请问你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%
8. 有位媳妇一直受婆婆的百般刁难，当婆婆得了瘟疫，所有人都躲着时，媳妇主动留下来照顾婆婆。设身处地想象你是那位媳妇，请问你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%
9. 美国某家族财团在二战刚刚结束，经济低迷时，把价值870万美元的一快地皮无偿捐给联合国，同时将毗连这块地皮的大面积地皮全部买下。设身处地想象你是那个家族财团负责人，你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%
10. 60年代中期内地局势曾令香港社会人心惶惶，很多人都急着把房子廉价抛售，但作为一房地产开发商的李某，却把所有的资金都用来收购房地产。设身处地想象你是李某，请问你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%
11. 一矿泉水推销员送水时，发现用水的居民是一位坐在轮椅上的老妇人。那天老妇人家恰巧来了外地客人，需要有人接站。这位推销员自告奋勇帮助老妇将客人接回来。设身处地想象你是那位推销员，请问你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%
12. 非典期间，餐饮业遭受重创，某餐饮公司负责人没辞退一名员工，并按时全额发放工资。设身处地想象你是那位负责人，请问你也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100% 想象你读大学时，面对这种情境，也这么做的可能性有多大（）0%————————100%

Items in English

1. Zhang went to a store to pick up goods. After paying and returning home, the other party called to say that a 100 yuan note was fake, but they couldn’t be sure that it came from Zhang. However, Zhang specifically went to exchange the money. If you were in Zhang’s position, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%
2. Li sold a carpet cleaning device to a hotel. After receiving the device, the hotel claimed it was damaged in transit and requested a return. After Li sent someone to check, it was found that the equipment was damaged due to improper assembly at the hotel and the company was not responsible. However, Li still offered to bear the repair costs. If you were in Li’s position, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%
3. An elderly couple arrived at a hostel on a rainy night, saying that all other inns were full and they wanted to stay for one night. The clerk said, “Our inn is also full, but if you don’t mind, you can sleep in my bed!” The next morning, when the couple went to pay, the clerk said, “My own bed is not for profit; I can’t accept your money.” If you were the clerk, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%
4. A newly established construction company finally got a project. Due to layers of subcontracting, the company’s final loss was 50,000 yuan. The person in charge said, “It’s better to lose 50,000 than 80,000; we must ensure the progress and quality of the project.” If you were the person in charge, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%
5. A company’s premium product can be sold for up to 5,000 yuan, but the company’s manager insisted on setting the price at 3,000 yuan. If you were the manager, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%
6. Li, a horticulturist, had a job that paid 3,000 yuan a month. Someone was willing to invest 1 million yuan to partner with him, letting Li manage the seedlings, and they would share profits and losses after selling the trees three years later. Li’s family strongly opposed. Nevertheless, Li resigned and invested in the partnership. If you were Li, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%
7. Sun had only 4,000 yuan left on him and booked an 8,400 yuan advertisement page in “Computer World” for promoting a desktop publishing printing system. He required to place the ad first before paying. If you were Sun, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%
8. A daughter-in-law had been constantly bullied by her mother-in-law; when the mother-in-law contracted a plague and everyone avoided her, the daughter-in-law voluntarily stayed to take care of her. If you were the daughter-in-law, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%
9. An American family foundation donated a piece of land worth 8.7 million dollars to the United Nations for free shortly after World War II, during an economic downturn, while buying up adjacent land. If you were the head of that family foundation, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%
10. In the mid-1960s, a tense situation in mainland China made Hong Kong’s society anxious, and many rushed to sell their houses at low prices, but Li, a real estate developer, used all his funds to acquire properties. If you were Li, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%
11. A water salesperson delivering water discovered that a resident using the water was an elderly woman in a wheelchair. That day, the elderly woman had out-of-town guests and needed someone to pick them up. The salesperson volunteered to help the elderly lady by picking up the guests. If you were that salesperson, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%
12. During the SARS outbreak, the restaurant industry suffered heavily, but a restaurant company’s manager did not dismiss a single employee and paid full salaries on time. If you were that manager, what is the likelihood that you would do the same? () 0% ———————— 100% Now, imagine when you were in college, what is the likelihood you would do the same in this situation? () 0% ———————— 100%

References

Zhao Cuixia, Shen Sichu, Rao Lilin, Zheng Rui, Liu Huan, Li Shu. (2018). “吃亏是福”— 传说乎？现实乎？. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making.