Adult Health Self-Management Skill Rating Scale – Chinese Version

Description

Health self-management is a behavior in which individuals monitor and manage their own functioning throughout their lives, using biological, psychological, and sociological intervention techniques. It emphasizes the exercise of individual initiative. Specifically, it manifests in three aspects: self-management behaviors, self-management cognition, and self-management environment.

Authors and Contact Email

The Adult Health Self-Management Skill Rating Scale (AHSMSRS) was developed by Zhao Qiuli and others from Harbin Medical University School of Nursing. Contact email information is not available.

Purpose

To assess adults’ health self-management capabilities.

Test Year

Information not available.

Administration Method and Scoring

The scale consists of 38 items divided into three dimensions: self-management behavior, self-management environment, and self-management cognition. It uses a Likert 5-level scoring method, where higher scores indicate higher self-management levels. Each response option is scored as follows: “Always” (总是) = 5 points, “Often” (经常) = 4 points, “Sometimes” (有时) = 3 points, “Occasionally” (偶尔) = 2 points, “Never” (从不) = 1 point. The Cronbach’s α coefficient is 0.933, indicating good reliability and validity.

Reliability and Validity

The scale demonstrates good reliability and validity, with a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.933.

Factors and Subscales

Dimensions of the AHSMSRS include:
1. 自我管理行为 (Self-management behavior)
2. 自我管理认知 (Self-management cognition)
3. 自我管理环境 (Self-management environment)

Keywords

Health self-management, adults, self-management behavior, self-management cognition, self-management environment, assessment scale.

Items in Chinese

1. 一日三餐规律
2. 饮食清淡
3. 科学分配早中晚餐的比例（早吃好，中吃饱，晚吃少）
4. 每天注重不同种类食物的营养搭配（达 15 种以上，包括葱/姜/蒜/肉/蔬菜）
5. 每天至少喝 1200ml 左右的清水（约 6 杯）
6. 根据自身情况或专业人员建议选择运动项目、运动强度及时间
7. 充分利用锻炼与休息的场所和器械
8. 每周坚持至少 3 次的体育锻炼，每次时间至少在 30 分钟以上
9. 锻炼以有氧运动为主（如慢跑、散步、太极拳、游泳等）
10. 锻炼后及时合理地补充水分或盐份
11. 服药时，会注意标签、有效期及使用说明
12. 当身体出现不适时，及时去医院就诊
13. 就医时，积极配合医护人员的治疗或处理
14. 就医时，能向医生清楚地介绍自己的病情
15. 定期清洁消毒生活用具或设备
16. 保持工作或居住环境的整齐、干净
17. 注意饮食卫生和安全
18. 营造良好的睡眠环境（包括光线、声音、温湿度等）
19. 当室内空气不好时，通过多种方式改善（如开窗通风）
20. 了解或利用相应的医疗保险（如医保报销程度、药品等）
21. 关注或利用医疗相关政策（如新医改、新农合政策）
22. 恰当利用身边的医疗卫生服务（如选择适宜的医疗机构就诊）
23. 需要时，主动向他人寻求帮助和支持
24. 充分应用所获取的健康知识
25. 有良好的人际关系可以促进健康
26. 有良好的生活或工作环境可以促进健康
27. 家人或朋友会对自身健康管理起监督作用
28. 家人或朋友会对自身健康管理起榜样作用
29. 接种疫苗是预防一些传染病较经济、有效的措施
30. 合理使用保健药品或保健器材，在一定程度上可以改善体质和缓解病情
31. 听从医务人员建议是保持健康的途径之一
32. 饮食、运动、心态等是影响健康的重要因素
33. 少吸烟多运动平衡膳食可减少心脑血管病的发生
34. 执行医护人员制定的治疗方案或建议
35. 能较好控制自己，不受他人不良嗜好影响
36. 改变不良的生活方式，采取自我保健行为
37. 出现健康问题，能正确应对
38. 能判断有害健康的行为或事物

Items in English

1. Regular three meals a day.
2. Light diet.
3. Scientifically allocate the proportion of breakfast, lunch, and dinner (eat well in the morning, eat enough at noon, eat less in the evening).
4. Pay attention to the nutritional pairing of different types of food daily (more than 15 types, including scallions/ginger/garlic/meat/vegetables).
5. Drink about 1200ml of clear water daily (about 6 cups).
6. Choose sports projects, intensity, and time based on personal condition or professional advice.
7. Fully utilize the places and equipment for exercise and rest.
8. Stick to at least 3 sessions of physical exercise each week, with each session lasting at least 30 minutes.
9. Focus on aerobic exercises (such as jogging, walking, tai chi, swimming, etc.).
10. Timely and reasonably replenish fluids or salts after exercising.
11. When taking medication, pay attention to labels, expiration dates, and usage instructions.
12. When feeling unwell, visit the hospital promptly.
13. Actively cooperate with healthcare personnel’s treatment or handling when seeking medical help.
14. Be able to clearly present personal health conditions to the doctor when seeking medical help.
15. Regularly clean and disinfect living utensils or equipment.
16. Maintain a tidy and clean work or living environment.
17. Be aware of dietary hygiene and safety.
18. Create a good sleeping environment (including light, sound, temperature, and humidity).
19. Improve indoor air quality through various methods when it is poor (e.g., open windows for ventilation).
20. Understand or utilize corresponding medical insurance (such as reimbursement degrees and medicine).
21. Pay attention to or utilize relevant medical policies (such as new medical reform, new rural cooperative medical policies).
22. Properly use nearby medical and health services (such as choosing suitable medical institutions for consultations).
23. Actively seek help and support from others when needed.
24. Fully apply the health knowledge obtained.
25. Good interpersonal relationships can promote health.
26. A good living or working environment can promote health.
27. Family members or friends will supervise personal health management.
28. Family members or friends will serve as role models for personal health management.
29. Vaccination is a cost-effective and efficient method of preventing some infectious diseases.
30. Proper use of health care products or devices can improve physical condition and alleviate symptoms to some extent.
31. Following healthcare personnel’s advice is one of the ways to maintain health.
32. Diet, exercise, and mindset are important factors that affect health.
33. Smoking less, exercising more, and maintaining a balanced diet can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
34. Follow the treatment plans or suggestions provided by healthcare personnel.
35. Can well control oneself and remain unaffected by others’ bad habits.
36. Change unhealthy lifestyles and adopt self-care behaviors.
37. Can respond correctly when health issues arise.
38. Can identify harmful health behaviors or things.

References

Information not available.