Entrepreneurial Leadership and Green Innovation–Model

Abstract

The Entrepreneurial Leadership and Green Innovation–Model, as detailed by Ali et al. in 2023, was formulated for a study that utilizes the upper echelons theory. The objective was to create and test a moderated mediation model. This model investigates the mechanism through which entrepreneurial leadership influences the adoption of green innovation (GI). It specifically examines the mediating role of organizational learning culture in this relationship and how environmental dynamism moderates this mediating effect. The items proposed for the model were adapted from pre-existing research. To ensure the measure was equivalent across cultures, a back-translation technique was applied, following the methodology described by Berry in 1980. A pilot study was conducted with Chief Executive Officers from local firms in China to validate the content accuracy and the appropriateness of the questionnaire’s wording within the Chinese context. Based on the feedback from this pilot study, the conceptual equivalence of the measure was confirmed before the questionnaire was finalized in Chinese. The finalized instrument was then administered to a sample of firms located in China. The study reported results pertaining to the model’s factor structure, its reliability, and its validity.

Keywords

Entrepreneurial Leadership; Environmental Dynamism; Green Innovation; Organizational Learning Culture; Upper Echelons Theory

Authors

Ali, Adnan; Jiang, Xu; Ali, Afzaal; Qadeer, Abdul

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Purpose

The objective of this measurement model is to evaluate a moderated mediation model that connects entrepreneurial leadership to green innovation, viewed from the perspective of upper echelons theory.

Construct

The primary constructs measured by this instrument are Entrepreneurial Leadership and Green Innovation.

Validity

Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity was established. All average variance extracted (AVE) values were found to be above the 0.5 threshold, which indicates that each construct demonstrated convergent validity. Further analysis provided additional statistical support for discriminant validity by showing that the square root of the AVE for each construct was greater than its correlation value with other constructs, in line with the criteria set by Anderson & Gerbing (1988).

Reliability

The instrument demonstrated strong internal consistency. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the scales ranged from .729 to .871, which surpasses the recommended cutoff value of .70 as suggested by Hair et al. (1998). Additionally, the composite reliability (CR) values were all above 0.7, meeting the standard proposed by Hair et al. (2010).

Factor Analysis

A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed for a four-factor model, which included entrepreneurial leadership, organizational learning culture, environmental dynamism, and green innovation (GI). All constructs were loaded against their respective variables. The results from the CFA indicated a satisfactory fit of the model to the data, with the following fit indices: χ2/df = 2.63 (p < .001), CFI = 0.95, GFI = 0.92, NFI = 0.94, RMR = 0.03, and RMSEA = 0.04. To assess common method bias, Harman’s single-factor test was conducted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), as per Podsakoff’s (2003) recommendation. The results showed that all factors collectively explained 74.486% of the total variance, with the largest variance explained by a single factor being 31.612%. This indicates that common method bias was not a significant issue in the study.

Instrument

• Test Type: Original Inventory/Questionnaire

• Format: The instrument consists of 30 items. Responses are captured using a seven-point Likert scale, where 1 represents “strongly disagree” and 7 represents “strongly agree”. The test is administered via interview.

• Language Available: English

• Population Group: The study included human participants, both male and female, within the adulthood age range (18 years and older).

• Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older)

• Population Details: The respondents were from business firms located in China.

• Test Methodology: The development and validation process involved establishing Test Validity, Content Validity, Convergent Validity, and Discriminant Validity. Reliability was assessed through Internal Consistency. The structure of the instrument was confirmed using Factor Analysis, specifically Confirmatory Factor Analysis, to create a final Measurement Model.

Keywords

Conservation (Ecological Behavior); Consumer Research; Entrepreneurship; Innovation; Organizational Climate; Organizational Learning; Organizational and Occupational Measures

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Authors

• Ali, Adnan

  • Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-8851

  • Affiliation: Xi’an Jiaotong University, School of Management

  • Email: No data is Available

• Jiang, Xu

  • Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1388-3469

  • Affiliation: Xi’an Jiaotong University, School of Management

  • Email: [email protected]

• Ali, Afzaal

  • Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-6781

  • Affiliation: International Islamic University Islamabad, School of Management

  • Email: No data is Available

• Qadeer, Abdul

  • Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-2223

  • Affiliation: Xi’an Jiaotong University, School of Management

  • Email: No data is Available

• Correspondence Address

  • Jiang, Xu: Xi’an Jiaotong University, School of Management, No.28, Xianning West Road, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China, 710049, [email protected]

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

• Permissions: To use this instrument, please contact the corresponding author, Jiang, Xu.

• Commercial: No

• Fee: No

• Test Year: 2023

Reference’s

Ali, A., Jiang, X., Ali, A., & Qadeer, A. (2023). A moderated mediation model linking entrepreneurial leadership to green innovation: An upper echelons theory perspective. Creativity and Innovation Management, 32(1), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12538

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Items of the Entrepreneurial Leadership and Green Innovation–Model

No data is Available