Emotional Betrayal From Child Sexual Abuse Measure (EBCSAM)

Abstract

The Emotional Betrayal From Child Sexual Abuse Measure (EBCSAM), which is also known as the Child Sexual Abuse and Betrayal Questionnaire, was created by Wolf, Linn, & Butler in 2023. Its purpose is to evaluate the feelings of betrayal experienced by adult survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA). This evaluation encompasses feelings directed not only toward the perpetrator but also toward other individuals within the survivor’s immediate circle, such as family and friends, during the period the abuse occurred. The content for this scale was adapted from two existing measures: the Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire (IBQ; Smith & Freyd, 2013) and the Betrayal subscale of the Measures of Stigma, Betrayal, Powerlessness, and Self-Blame (Coffey et al., 1996). The final instrument consists of 6 items. It was assessed through a study involving an anonymous online survey of CSA survivors. The psychometric properties, including factor analysis and reliability results, were reported for these items.

Keywords

Adult Attitudes, Adult Survivors, Betrayal Trauma, Child Abuse, Child Sexual Abuse, Childhood Sexual Abuse, Emotional Betrayal by Others, Emotional Betrayal by the Perpetrator, Emotional Trauma, Sexual Abuse, Survivors, Trauma Measures

Authors

Wolf, Molly R.; Linn, Braden K.; Butler, Lisa D.

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Purpose

The purpose of this questionnaire is to be of use to clinicians treating survivors of child sexual abuse, as well as researchers, to reveal and evaluate aspects of emotional betrayal that has impacted survivors.

Construct

Child Sexual Abuse Betrayal

Validity

No data is Available

Reliability

The internal consistency for the scale was reported with a Cronbach’s α of .85.

Factor Analysis

An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted. After the deletion of problematic items, the results of the EFA suggested a two-factor solution that collectively accounted for 74.18% of the variance. Following this, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed. The results of the CFA with two factors produced a good fitting model. However, modification indices suggested permitting errors to covary. The authors then permitted items 8 and 10 to covary in the next model run. The final model yielded fit statistics that surpassed established norms: Confirmatory Fit Index = .99; Tucker-Lewis Index = .99; Root mean square error of approximation = .05; and Standardized root mean squared residual = .03.

Instrument

Test Type
This is an original Inventory/Questionnaire.

Format
The instrument is administered electronically. Each of the 6 items is rated using the following five response options: Not at all, A little bit, Moderately, Quite a bit, and Extremely.

Language Available
English

Population Group
Human; Male; Female

Age Group
Adulthood (18 yrs & older)

Population Details
The instrument was tested on adult survivors of child sexual abuse located in the United States.

Test Methodology
The development and validation involved Test Reliability, Internal Consistency, Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Exploratory Factor Analysis.

Keywords

Adult Attitudes, Adult Survivors, Betrayal Trauma, Child Abuse, Child Sexual Abuse, Childhood Sexual Abuse, Emotional Betrayal by Others, Emotional Betrayal by the Perpetrator, Emotional Trauma, Sexual Abuse, Survivors, Trauma Measures

Authors

Author ocrid Identifier and Affiliation

• Wolf, Molly R.

  • ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-1412

  • Affiliation: PennWest University, Department of Social Work

• Linn, Braden K.

  • ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8068-1795

  • Affiliation: State University of New York, University at Buffalo School of Social Work

• Butler, Lisa D.

  • ORCID: No data is Available

  • Affiliation: State University of New York, University at Buffalo School of Social Work

Email addresses

• Wolf, Molly R.: [email protected]

Correspondence Address

• Wolf, Molly R.: PennWest University, Department of Social Work, 235 Scotland Road, Hendricks Hall, G33, Edinboro, Pennsylvania, United States, 16444, [email protected]

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

• Permissions: May be used for Research/Teaching.

• Commercial: No

• Fee: No

• Test Year: 2023

reference’s

Wolf, M. R., Linn, B. K., & Butler, L. D. (2024). Emotional Betrayal From Child Sexual Abuse Measure (EBSCAM): A psychometric analysis. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 16(3), 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001514

Items of the Emotional Betrayal From Child Sexual Abuse Measure (EBCSAM)

This is a 6-item scale. The test items are available in Appendix B, Page 9 of the source publication by Wolf, Linn, & Butler (2024).

Response Options:

• Not at all

• A little bit

• Moderately

• Quite a bit

• Extremely

Subscales:

• Emotional Betrayal by the Perpetrator Subscale: Items 1, 3

• Emotional Betrayal by Others Subscale: Items 2, 4, 5, 6