Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale – Chinese Version

Description

The Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External control scale (ANSIE) was developed by Nowicki and Strickland in 1969. The term psychological control source is derived from Rotter’s social learning theory. They categorized psychological control sources into two poles: internal control (内控) and external control (外控). External control refers to the belief that the outcomes of events are determined by factors outside of one’s personal efforts, while internal control indicates that outcomes align with individual effort. The scale consists of 40 items that respondents answer with “yes” or “no”. Respondents score 1 point for answering “no” to items 2, 4, 6, 9, 13, 15, 20, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 38, and 40; for the other items, a “yes” response yields 1 point. The score can range from 0 (internal control) to 40 (external control). This scale is more concise than Rotter’s I-E scale and more coherent than other NOSE scales, making it suitable for testing diverse age groups and populations.

Authors and Contact Email

Information not available.

Purpose

The purpose of the ANSIE scale is to measure the internal-external locus of control in individuals, providing insights into how they attribute outcomes in their lives.

Test Year

1969

Administration Method and Scoring

The ANSIE scale is administered through a questionnaire consisting of 40 items. Respondents select “yes” or “no” for each item. Scoring is conducted based on specific items where answering “no” or “yes” correlates to scoring 1 point. The possible score range is from 0 to 40.

Reliability and Validity

The split-half reliability of the scale ranges from 0.74 to 0.86, and the test-retest reliability value ranges from 0.65 to 0.83. The correlation with Rotter’s scale is between 0.44 and 0.68, indicating that the reliability and validity meet psychometric standards. The Chinese version of the questionnaire was translated and back-translated from foreign literature, followed by extensive pre-testing and revisions. For domestic respondents, the consistency coefficient is 0.372, with a split-half reliability coefficient of 0.70. Test-retest reliability scores at intervals of half a month and up to seven weeks were found to be 0.89 and 0.78, respectively.

Factors and Subscales

Information not available.

Keywords

Psychological control source, internal control, external control, locus of control, psychometrics

Items in Chinese

1. 你是否相信,大多数问题只要你不是敷衍了事,就会自行解决?
2. 你是否相信能使自己不患上感冒?
3. 是不是有些人生来就走运?
4. 大多数时间,你是否认为获得一个好分数对你意味着一件大事?
5. 你是否常因为错本不在你的事而受到责备?
6. 你是否相信只要一个人努力,他她总会顺利过关。
7. 你是否认为,大多数情况下不值得努力尝试,因为事情从来不会如愿的?
8. 你是否觉得如果早晨开端顺利,那么不管你做什么这一天都会一帆风顺?
9. 你是否认为,大多数情况下,别人会倾听你所说的话?
10. 你是否相信,盼望会带来点好的结果?
11. 当你受到责备时,是否常常出于一些根本站不住脚的理由?
12. 在大多数情况下,你是否发现很难改变一位朋友的想法(观点)?
13. 你是否认为,士气比运气更有助于一个球队获胜?
14. 你是否感到,想改变你父母的任何看法简直是不可能的?
15. 你是否认为,父母应当允许孩子们自己为大多数事情拿主意?
16. 你是否觉得,当你做错什么事时,你几乎没办法加以改正?
17. 你是否认为,大多数人生来就擅长体育运动?
18. 是否同龄的大多数人都比你强壮?
19. 你是否觉得,处理大多数问题的最佳方式之一就是不去理会它们?
20. 你是否觉得,在挑选你的朋友时,你有很大的选择余地?
21. 如果你找到了一株幸运草,你是否相信这会给你带来好运气?
22. 你是否认为,你做家庭功课与否,同你所得分数的高低有关系?
23. 你是否觉得,如果你的一位同龄人冲你发牌气,你没办法阴止他/她?
24. 你是否佩戴过什么幸运符?
25. 你是否认为,人们喜不喜欢你,取决于你的所作所为?
26. 如果你向父母求援,他们是否会帮你?
27. 你是否觉得,当人们对你不友善时,通常根本没有任何理由?
28. 你是否认为,多数时间今天你的所作所为可以改变明天可能发生的事?
29. 你是否认为,如果倒霉事将要发生,那么无论你如何阻止,也还会发生?
30. 你是否认为,人们通过不断努力,可以掌握自己的命运?
31. 你是否发现,大多数情况下你在家中根本没办法做到随心所欲?
32. 你是否觉得事情之所以有了好结果,是辛勤努力的结果?
33. 你是否觉得,一旦某位同龄人要与你作对,你还真拿他(她)没办法?
34. 你是否觉得,让朋友做你想让他们做的事很容易?
35. 你是否常常感到,在家里你对准备吃什么很少发表看法?
36. 你是否觉得,如果有人不喜欢你,你对此无能为力?
37. 你是否常常感到,用功也没什么用,因为其他人本来就比你聪明?
38. 你是不是相信事先做好计划会取得更出色的结果?
39. 大多数情况下,你是否感到你对家里决定要做什么事没什么要说的?
40. 你是否认为,做个聪明人比走运更好?

Items in English

1. Do you believe that most problems will resolve themselves as long as you are not half-hearted about it?
2. Do you believe that you can prevent yourself from catching a cold?
3. Is it true that some people are just born lucky?
4. Most of the time, do you think that getting a good score is a big deal for you?
5. Do you often get blamed for things that aren’t your fault?
6. Do you believe that if a person tries hard enough, they will always succeed?
7. Do you think that it is often not worth trying because things never work out?
8. Do you feel that if your morning starts off well, the rest of your day will go smoothly, no matter what you do?
9. Do you think that most of the time, others will listen to what you have to say?
10. Do you believe that hope can bring about some good outcomes?
11. When you are blamed, do you often find that the reasons are baseless?
12. In most cases, do you find it difficult to change a friend’s opinion?
13. Do you think that morale helps a team win more than luck?
14. Do you feel that changing your parents’ mind about anything is almost impossible?
15. Do you think parents should allow children to make most decisions for themselves?
16. Do you feel that when you make a mistake, you have little chance to correct it?
17. Do you think that most people are naturally good at sports?
18. Are most of your peers physically stronger than you?
19. Do you think that one of the best ways to handle most problems is to ignore them?
20. Do you feel that you have a lot of choices when selecting your friends?
21. If you find a four-leaf clover, do you believe it will bring you good luck?
22. Do you think whether you do your homework relates to your score?
23. Do you feel that if a peer gets angry at you, you can’t stop them?
24. Have you ever worn any lucky charms?
25. Do you think that whether people like you depends on what you do?
26. If you ask your parents for help, do you think they will assist you?
27. Do you feel that people are often unfriendly to you for no reason?
28. Do you think that what you do today can change what happens tomorrow?
29. Do you believe that if bad things are going to happen, they will happen no matter what you do to prevent them?
30. Do you think that people can control their own destiny through hard work?
31. Do you find that you cannot do what you want at home most of the time?
32. Do you feel that a good outcome is the result of hard work?
33. Do you think that once a peer is against you, you truly cannot do anything about it?
34. Do you feel that it’s easy to get your friends to do what you want them to do?
35. Do you often feel that you rarely express your opinion on what to prepare for meals at home?
36. Do you feel that if someone doesn’t like you, there’s nothing you can do about it?
37. Do you often feel that studying hard is futile because others are just smarter than you?
38. Do you believe that being well-planned leads to better outcomes?
39. Most of the time, do you feel that you have little say in household decisions?
40. Do you think that being smart is better than being lucky?

References

徐哲泉. 研究生金钱态度与主观幸福感的关系:控制感的调节作用[D]. 赵国秋, 孙建胜, 王义强,等. 心理控制感对心理健康水平的影响[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志(06):370-372.