English Language Teachers Resilience Inventory

Abstract

The English Language Teachers Resilience Inventory, developed by Shirazizadeh & Abbaszadeh in 2023, is a comprehensive 35-item instrument designed to measure the resilience of English language teachers (ELT). The creation of this measure was prompted by an identified gap in the literature, specifically the absence of a resilience assessment tool tailored to the unique context of foreign language teaching. The development process began with the generation of an initial pool of 44 items, which were derived from a combination of in-depth interviews with Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and a thorough review of existing literature on teacher resilience, notably the work of Mansfield et al. (2012). After being piloted with a group of English teachers, the inventory was administered to a larger sample of ELTs in Iran. Subsequent exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a refined five-factor model that retained 35 of the original items. The developers have reported evidence of the instrument’s internal consistency and content validity.

Keywords

Contextual Supports; Emotional Management; English Language Teaching; Internal Motivations; Pedagogical Skills; Social Skills; English as a Foreign Language Teaching; Teacher Resilience

Authors

Shirazizadeh, Mohsen; Abbaszadeh, Afsaneh

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Purpose

The primary objective of this measure is to provide a validated tool for assessing the specific dimensions of teacher resilience among individuals who teach English as a foreign or second language.

Construct

The core construct being measured by this instrument is Teacher Resilience.

Validity

To establish content validity, the instrument was subjected to an expert review process. Four experts specializing in the field of EFL teacher education, all of whom possessed a deep familiarity with the concept of teacher resilience, meticulously reviewed the inventory. Their evaluation focused on the instrument’s overall content, the clarity and wording of individual items, as well as its general design and format.

Reliability

The reliability of the instrument was assessed for internal consistency. An initial calculation for the pilot version of the instrument yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.73. Following refinement, the final 35-item scale was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha, which resulted in a coefficient of 0.84, indicating an acceptable and good level of internal consistency for the final measure.

Factor Analysis

An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on the initial 43 items of the inventory. This analysis identified 13 factors that had eigenvalues greater than one, which collectively accounted for 64% of the total variance. A parallel analysis was also performed, and its results indicated that only the first five eigenvalues surpassed the established criterion values for factor retention. Based on an inspection of the scree plot, the parallel analysis results, and a comparison with the rotated factor matrix, a decision was made to retain five factors for subsequent analyses.

Following this, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was executed using principal axis factoring with a Varimax rotation. The final CFA results confirmed a five-factor model that successfully explained 40.6% of the total variance. During this stage, any items with factor loadings below the 0.40 threshold were eliminated, which led to the finalized 35-item version of the instrument.

Instrument

Test Type: Original
Format: The instrument is an inventory/questionnaire consisting of 35 items. Respondents rate their agreement with each item on a 6-point Likert scale, where 1 corresponds to “strongly disagree” and 6 corresponds to “strongly agree.”
Language Available: English
Population Group: Male; Female
Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
Population Details: The measure was developed and validated using a sample of English Language Teachers located in Iran.
Test Methodology: The development and validation process involved several methodologies, including Test Validity assessment through Content Validity checks, Test Reliability evaluation via Internal Consistency analysis, and extensive Factor Analysis, which included both Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis. The instrument can be administered in either Electronic or Paper format.

Keywords

Contextual Supports; Educational Measures; Emotional Management; Employee Skills; English as a Foreign Language Teaching; English as Second Language; English Language Teaching; Foreign Language Education; Internal Motivations; Intrinsic Motivation; Pedagogical Skills; Resilience (Psychological); Social Skills; Social Support; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Characteristics

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Authors including Author ocrid Identifier and Affiliation Email addresses Correspondence Address

Shirazizadeh, Mohsen

• Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-1036

• Affiliation: Alzahra University, Department of English

• Email Address: [email protected]

• Correspondence Address: [email protected]

Abbaszadeh, Afsaneh

• Author ORCID Identifier: No data is Available

• Affiliation: Tarbiat Modares University, Department of English Language Teaching

• Email Address: No data is Available

• Correspondence Address: No data is Available

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

• Permissions: Contact Publisher

• Fee: No

• Commercial: No

• Test Year: 2023

Reference’s

Shirazizadeh, M., & Abbaszadeh, A. (2023). EFL teacher resilience: Instrument development and validation. Reflective Practice, 24(3), 375–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2023.2200926

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Items of the English Language Teachers Resilience Inventory

The 35 items that constitute this inventory are available for review. They can be found in the source publication referenced above, specifically within Appendix B on pages 387-388 of the article.

Dear respondent,
This questionnaire aims at looking into your actual teaching practices as an English teacher. Your careful completion of the questionnaire will definitely contribute to real data and is greatly appreciated. Please check the box which best describes your perceptions about your job as an English teacher. The information will be kept confidential and will be used just for research purposes.

Thank you very much in advance for your time and kind cooperation.

Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements using the scale provided.

Response Scale: 1: Strongly Disagree, 2: Disagree, 3: Moderately Disagree, 4: Moderately Agree, 5: Agree, 6: Strongly Agree.