Cognitive Behavioural Sati Scale (CBSS)

Abstract

The Cognitive Behavioural Sati Scale (CBSS; Sangprasert et al., 2023) is a 17-item comprehensive mindfulness measure specifically developed for the Thai cultural context. This instrument was created to address the scarcity of reliable and valid tools capable of assessing both cognitive processes and behavioral aspects associated with mindfulness practice within Thailand. The development process began with an initial pool of 21 items, identified by experts through focus group discussions. This pool comprised 12 newly developed items and 9 items adapted from the Srithanva Sati Scale (SSS; Silpakit & Silpakit, 2014). Expert assessment for content validity and further focus group discussions led to the final 17-item measure. The CBSS was administered to older adults, defined as individuals 35 years and older, residing in Thailand. A hierarchical model, consisting of three factors (acceptance, awareness, and self-recollection) and an overarching second-order mindfulness factor, was found to demonstrate the best fit to the collected data. The internal consistency and validity of the scale were also reported.

Keywords

Acceptance; Awareness; Cognitive-Behavioral; Mindful Behavior; Mindfulness Practice; Mindfulness-Based Health Behaviors; Self-Recollection; Thai Context

Authors

Sangprasert, Pantip; Pattaraarchachai, Junya; Palungrit, Srimuang; Bunman, Sitthiphon

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Purpose

The primary purpose of this measure is to assess mindfulness-based health behaviors and cognitions specifically within the Thai cultural context.

Validity

Construct Validity: The validity of the newly developed items in measuring mindfulness was further substantiated by Pearson’s correlation coefficients exceeding 0.70 when compared with the original Srithanva Sati Scale (SSS) items.

Content Validity: Content validity was established through expert assessment and focus group discussions, leading to the final 17-item measure.

Reliability

Internal Consistency: The total scale demonstrated strong internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha (α) of 0.86 and McDonald’s omega (ω) of 0.88. The subscales also exhibited good internal consistency:

• Awareness subscale: α = 0.85 and ω = 0.87

• Acceptance subscale: α = 0.70 and ω = 0.72

• Self-recollection subscale: α = 0.80 and ω = 0.81

• Mindful behavior subscale: α = 0.85 and ω = 0.87

Factor Analysis

Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA): CFA was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM). A hierarchical model incorporating three factors (acceptance, awareness, and self-recollection) consistently displayed superior overall fit indices and stronger factor loadings (ranging from 0.54 to 0.81) when compared to a hierarchical model with only two factors (mindful behavior and acceptance), which had loadings ranging from 0.52 to 0.79.

Instrument: Cognitive Behavioural Sati Scale (CBSS)

Test Type: Original Inventory/Questionnaire

Format: Response options for the items include “never,” “rarely,” “often,” “very often,” and “every time.”

Language Available: Thai

Population Group: Human; Male; Female

Age Group: Adulthood (18 years & older); Thirties (30-39 years); Middle Age (40-64 years); Aged (65 years & older)

Population Details:

• Location: Thailand

• Respondents: Older Adults (35 years and older)

Test Methodology: The methodology employed included Test Validity, Construct Validity, Content Validity, Test Reliability, Internal Consistency, Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling.

Keywords

Acceptance; Awareness; Cognitive Behavioral Mindfulness; Mindfulness; Self-recollection; Mindful behavior.

Authors

• Sangprasert, Pantip

  • Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4643-2901

  • Affiliation: Thammasat University Faculty of Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing

  • Email Address: [email protected]

  • Correspondence Address: [email protected]

• Pattaraarchachai, Junya

  • Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-7082

  • Affiliation: Tulane University

  • Email Address: No data is Available

• Palungrit, Srimuang

  • Affiliation: Thammasat University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Community and Family Medicine

  • Email Address: No data is Available

• Bunman, Sitthiphon

  • Affiliation: No data is Available

  • Email Address: No data is Available

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

• Permissions: Contact Corresponding Author

• Commercial: No

• Fee: No

• Test Year: 2023

References

Sangprasert, P., Pattaraarchachai, J., Palungrit, S., & Bunman, S. (2023). Development and validation of the Cognitive Behavioural Sati Scale (CBSS). Mindfulness, 14(9), 2137–2144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02167-8

Items of the Cognitive Behavioural Sati Scale (CBSS)

This measure consists of 17 items. No specific item content is provided in the text.
The factors and subscales identified are: Awareness, Acceptance, Self-recollection, and Mindful behavior.