Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability Scale (EADI)

Abstract

The Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability Scale (EADI) is a 10-item questionnaire developed to assess perceptions and social distance attitudes towards intellectual disability within the workplace. This tool aims to identify cognitive and emotional patterns that may influence interactions and performance in such environments. Its construction involved a comprehensive literature review, focus groups, and cognitive interviews. Content validation was performed by 15 experts, leading to a refined 10-item version with two dimensions: Perception and Social Distance. Data were collected from a sample of laborers. Psychometric evaluations, including factor analysis, supported a two-factor structure. The scale has demonstrated strong reliability and validity.

Keywords

Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability, Perception, Social Distance, Workplace Setting

Authors

• Carbajal, Alicia Boluarte

• Salazar-Conde, Martin

• Sánchez Boluarte, Arantxa N.

• Coronel, Danilo Sánchez

• Peña-Calero, Brian Norman

Purpose

This measure assesses perception and social distance attitudes towards intellectual disability. It aims to identify underlying cognitive and emotional patterns that may influence people’s interaction and performance in workplace environments.

Validity

Internal Structure Validity: The results of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the structural validity of the measure, confirming a two-factor structure.
Content Validity: Content validation was established through expert item analysis involving 15 experts in the field. This process led to a reduced version of the scale with 10 items grouped into two dimensions, confirming the content validity of the instrument.

Reliability

Internal Consistency: The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α) and McDonald’s omega (ω). For the “Perception” factor, α was 0.86 and ω was 0.93. For the “Social Distance” factor, α was 0.83 and ω was 0.92. These values indicate high internal consistency for both factors.

Factor Analysis

Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. The analyses supported a 2-factor structure (Perception and Social Distance) which explained 70% of the variance. The inter-factor loading was .63. Initial adjustments involved eliminating items 2 and 6 due to their insufficient performance in evaluating the instrument, both in terms of factorial loading and descriptive indices. The confirmatory factor analysis model demonstrated good fit indices: χ² = 84.45, df = 34, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.08, CI 90% = 0.06 0.10, SRMR = 0.04.

Instrument: Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability Scale (EADI)

Test Type: Original Instrument Type: Inventory/Questionnaire
Format: The instrument is administered electronically.
Language Available: English
Population Group: Human (Male and Female)
Age Group: No data is Available (Average Age of Respondents: 39.17 years)
Population Details: The study participants were laborers.
Test Methodology: The development and validation of the scale involved various methodologies, including Test Validity, Content Validity, Test Reliability, Internal Consistency, Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Exploratory Factor Analysis.

Keywords

Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability, Perception, Social Distance, Workplace Setting

Authors

• Carbajal, Alicia Boluarte

  • Author ORCID Identifier: No data is Available

  • Affiliation: Universidad César Vallejo

  • Email address: [email protected]

• Salazar-Conde, Martin

  • Author ORCID Identifier: No data is Available

  • Affiliation: Universidad César Vallejo

  • Email address: No data is Available

• Sánchez Boluarte, Arantxa N.

  • Author ORCID Identifier: No data is Available

  • Affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Global Health

  • Email address: No data is Available

• Coronel, Danilo Sánchez

  • Author ORCID Identifier: No data is Available

  • Affiliation: Universidad César Vallejo

  • Email address: No data is Available

• Peña-Calero, Brian Norman

  • Author ORCID Identifier: No data is Available

  • Affiliation: Advances in Psychological Measurement Study Group

  • Email address: No data is Available

Correspondence Address: Carbajal, Alicia Boluarte: [email protected]

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

Permissions: The scale may be used for research and teaching purposes under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Fee: No fee is required for its use.
Test Year: 2023
Website: creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en

References

Carbajal, A. B., Salazar-Conde, M., Sánchez Boluarte, A. N., Coronel, D. S., & Peña-Calero, B. N. (2023). Development and psychometric properties of the Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability Scale in the workplace. Interacciones, 9, Article e366.

Items of the Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability Scale (EADI)

The Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability Scale (EADI) is a 10-item measure. The items are structured into two distinct factors:

• Perception

• Social Distance

The specific wording of the 10 items is available for review in the source reference: Carbajal et al. (2023), Table 4, Page 6.

Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability Scale
EADI

Items

Perception Towards Intellectual Disability

• They can keep their workspace clean and tidy.

• They give important opinions.

• They comply with labor productivity.

• They can perform their work without support.

Social Distance Towards Intellectual Disability

• They deserve respect just like other workers.

• They need a detailed explanation of their functions.

• I would accept his/her help if I needed it.

• I would help him/her if he/she were having difficulties.

• I would stand up for him/her if he/she were mistreated.

• I would form a work team with him (her).

• I would be patient with him/her.

• I would feel comfortable working with him/her.

Note: Items 2 and 6 were excluded from the final measure.