Table of Contents
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Appreciation of Remaining Time Scale – ART
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| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Description | The Appreciation of Remaining Time (ART) Scale (Carstensen et al., 2024) evaluates key concepts of socioemotional selectivity theory (SST), which posits that time constraints lead people to prioritize emotionally meaningful experiences. Developed from a pool of 27 items, the scale aims to measure the increasing value placed on remaining time. Factor analysis confirmed its single-factor structure with four items administered to younger and older adults. Results concerning reliability and validity were reported. |
| Author | Carstensen, Laura L.; Chu, Li; Matteson, Tyler J.; Growney, Claire M. |
| Author Identifier | Carstensen, Laura L.: ORCID Chu, Li: ORCID Matteson, Tyler J.: ORCID Growney, Claire M.: ORCID |
| Purpose | To assess the changing value and appreciation of remaining time based on the principles of socioemotional selectivity theory (SST). |
| Construct | Appreciation of Remaining Time |
| Instrument Type | Rating Scale |
| Test Year | 2024 |
| Format | Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale. |
| Administration Method | Electronic |
| Number of items | 4 |
| Reliability | Test-Retest Reliability: Interclass Correlation Coefficient (.78). |
| Validity | Predictive Validity/Convergent Validity: ART scale is positively associated with emotional well-being, life satisfaction, and subjective happiness, while inversely related to depressive symptoms. It correlates with the Future Time Perspective scale, but captures distinct aspects of time orientation. |
| Factor Analysis | Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) confirmed a single-factor structure. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) validated this structure with satisfactory fit indices. |
| Test Methodology | Test Validity; Convergent Validity; Predictive Validity; Test Reliability; Test-Retest Reliability; Factor Analysis; Confirmatory Factor Analysis; Exploratory Factor Analysis; Structural Equation Modeling |
| Keywords | Aging; Emotional Well-Being; Motivation; Socioemotional Selectivity Theory; Time Horizons |
| Population Group | Human; Male; Female |
| Population Details | Age Range: 18-97, Location: United States. Respondents: Adults. |
| Files | No file is available for download. |
| Commercial | No |
| Fee | No |
| Language Present | English |
| Source Used | Carstensen, L. L., Chu, L., Matteson, T. J., & Growney, C. M. (2024). Whatβs time got to do with it? Appreciation of time influences social goals and emotional well-being. Psychology and Aging, 39(8), 833β853. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000856 |
| Correspondence Address | Carstensen, Laura L.: Stanford University, Department of Psychology, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Building 420, Stanford, California, United States, 94305, [email protected] |
Appreciation of Remaining Time Scale
Instructions
Read each item and answer the questions: “How true is this of you?”
Select the appropriate number on the scale, where 1 means the statement is very untrue of you and 7 means that the statement is very true of you.
Items and Scoring
| Item | Scale |
| 1. Knowing that our years are limited makes time feel precious. | 1 (Very Untrue) – 7 (Very True) |
| 2. I savor the good times and know the bad times pass. | 1 (Very Untrue) – 7 (Very True) |
| 3. At this point in my life, I do not waste time on trivial matters. | 1 (Very Untrue) – 7 (Very True) |
| 4. I value time more as the years go by. | 1 (Very Untrue) – 7 (Very True) |
Scoring Instructions
Compute the average score of the scale. Higher scores mean greater tendencies to appreciate remaining time.
Cite this article
Mohammed looti (2026). Appreciation of Remaining Time Scale. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Retrieved from https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/appreciation-of-remaining-time-scale/
Mohammed looti. "Appreciation of Remaining Time Scale." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 4 Apr. 2026, https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/appreciation-of-remaining-time-scale/.
Mohammed looti. "Appreciation of Remaining Time Scale." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 2026. https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/appreciation-of-remaining-time-scale/.
Mohammed looti (2026) 'Appreciation of Remaining Time Scale', PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Available at: https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/appreciation-of-remaining-time-scale/.
[1] Mohammed looti, "Appreciation of Remaining Time Scale," PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, vol. X, no. Y, Ψ΅ Z-Z, April, 2026.
Mohammed looti. Appreciation of Remaining Time Scale. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. 2026;vol(issue):pages.