Antecedents of Intention to Use Reusable Alternatives–Model Questionnaire

Abstract

The Antecedents of Intention to Use Reusable Alternatives–Model (Adam, 2023) is a measurement tool designed to assess the rational and moral factors influencing tourists’ intention to adopt reusable alternatives to single-use plastics. This model integrates principles from the theory of planned behavior (TPB; Bamberg and Möser, 2007; Han, Hsu, and Sheu, 2010; Miao and Wei, 2016) and the norm activation model (NAM; De Groot and Steg, 2009; Gao, Huang, and Zhang, 2017). The development of this instrument involved adapting items from prior research (e.g., Ramkissoon et al., 2013; Ajzen, 1991; Han, 2015). The measure was administered to a sample of tourists visiting Ghana, with the questionnaire developed and administered in English, reflecting the language fluency of most tourists in the region (Ghana Tourism Authority [GTA], 2019). The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling and factor analysis, and comprehensive results regarding the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the instrument have been reported.

Keywords

Ascription of Responsibility, Attitude toward Reusable, Awareness of Consequences, Behavioral Intention, Conservation Behaviors, Intention to Use Reusable Alternatives, Norm Activation Model, Perceived Behavioral Control, Persona Norm, Reusable Alternatives, Single-Use Plastics, Subjective Norm, Theory of Planned Behavior, Tourists.

Authors

Adam, Issahaku

Purpose

The primary purpose of this measurement model is to evaluate the various antecedents that influence tourists’ intention to use reusable alternatives to single-use plastics.

Validity

Convergent and Discriminant Validity: The validity of the unobserved variables was supported by ensuring that the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) for each unobserved variable was greater than 0.50, as suggested by Fornell and Larcker (1981). Additionally, discriminant validity was confirmed, as the square root of the AVE for each unobserved variable surpassed its correlation coefficients with other unobserved variables, also in line with Fornell and Larcker (1981).

Reliability

Internal Consistency: The internal consistency of the items was confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha scores, which were all greater than 0.70 (Peterson, 1994), indicating strong reliability.

Factor Analysis

Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: The factor analysis revealed that all items exhibited high loadings and primarily loaded onto a single rotated factor. Two items were excluded from the measure due to having loadings below the 0.60 threshold (Hair, Ringle, and Sarstedt, 2011). The respecified measurement model demonstrated good fit with the data, as evidenced by its model fit indices (GFI = 0.972; CFI = 0.993; NFI = 0.976; RMSEA = 0.041), all of which were within acceptable thresholds (Byrne, 2010).

Instrument

Test Type: Original
Format: All measurement items for the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TBP) and the Norm Activation Model (NAM) were assessed using a five-point Likert scale. This scale ranged from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.”
Language Available: English
Population Group: Human (Male and Female)
Age Group: Adulthood (18 years and older), including Young Adulthood (18-29 years), Thirties (30-39 years), and Middle Age (40-64 years).
Population Details: The study participants were tourists located in Ghana.
Test Methodology: The methodology involved various test validity assessments, including Convergent Validity and Discriminant Validity. Test reliability was assessed through Internal Consistency. Factor analysis, including both Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis, was utilized. The research also involved the development of a Measurement Model and the application of Structural Equation Modeling.

Authors

Author OCRID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-9504
Affiliation: Issahaku Adam, University of Cape Coast, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management.
Email addresses: [email protected]
Correspondence Address: Issahaku Adam: University of Cape Coast, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Cafeteria Road, Cafeteria Building, Room 3, Cape Coast, Ghana, PMB CC143.

Files

No file is available.

Permissions & Fee and Test Year

Permissions: Contact Corresponding Author
Fee: No
Test Year: 2023

References

Adam, I. (2023). Rational and moral antecedents of tourists’ intention to use reusable alternatives to single-use plastics. Journal of Travel Research, 62(5), 949–968. doi.org/10.1177/00472875221105860

Items of the Antecedents of Intention to Use Reusable Alternatives–Model

Number of Items: This measure includes 29 items.
Factors and Subscales: The constructs measured include:

• Attitude toward reusable (ATR)

• Subjective norm (SN)

• Perceived behavioral control (PBC)

• Behavioral intention (BI)

• Awareness of consequences (AC)

• Ascription of responsibility (AR)

• Personal norm (PN)
  Test Items Available: No data is Available