Resilient Trait Scale for Chinese Adults – Chinese Version

Description

The ability of individuals to recover from trauma caused by significant stress events depends on two main categories of factors. One category comprises external factors, primarily social support, including material help and psychological support from family, friends, and various aspects of society. The other category consists of internal factors, mainly psychological resilience or resilience traits. Both external social support and internal psychological resilience are forces that help individuals recover from psychological trauma, and thus they both belong to “resilience.” While external factors are important, merely having external social support is insufficient for recovery from psychological trauma caused by significant stress events. Internal factors are a necessary condition for recovery. Consequently, similar to research abroad, domestic disaster psychology researchers focus on resilience personality traits.

The concept of psychological resilience is inspired by the concept of elasticity in physics, which refers to the ability of an object to deform under external force and return to its original state once the force is removed. This concept metaphorically indicates that individuals can endure hardships or recover quickly from them. In psychological research, resilience is often viewed as an internal psychological factor that helps individuals in adversity enhance their well-being and facilitate post-traumatic growth.

The term psychological resilience is translated into Chinese as 心理弹性 (xīn lǐ dàn xìng), and scholars in China have also translated it as 心理韧性 (xīn lǐ rèn xìng) or 复原力 (fù yuán lì). Liang Baoyong (2012) defined psychological resilience based on its dimensions and strictly adhered to the definition of “personality trait, internal, quality of returning to normal.” He developed a psychological resilience scale with 30 items across five dimensions, including supportiveness, optimism, internal locus of control, coping style, and acceptance. Higher scores indicate better psychological resilience.

Authors and Contact Email

Liang Baoyong
Contact information not available

Purpose

To assess psychological resilience in Chinese adults through a structured scale.

Test Year

The nationwide sampling work began in June 2011 and involved questionnaire recovery from late October to early November 2011.

Administration Method and Scoring

Participants are asked to assess their long-term situations on a Likert scale with four options: “1-几乎完全不符合” (1 – Almost completely inconsistent), “2-不太符合” (2 – Not quite consistent), “3-比较符合” (3 – Somewhat consistent), and “4-几乎完全符合” (4 – Almost completely consistent).

Reliability and Validity

Information not available

Factors and Subscales

1. 支持性 (Supportiveness)
2. 乐观性 (Optimism)
3. 内控性 (Internal Locus of Control)
4. 应对性 (Coping Style Focused on Problem-Solving)
5. 接纳性 (Acceptance)

Keywords

Psychological Resilience, Social Support, Internal Locus of Control, Coping Style, Chinese Adults

Items in Chinese

1. 我能战胜困难主要是因为我的能力强。
2. 过去的痛苦经历让我难以肯定自己人生的价值。
3. 我能够控制自己的生活。
4. 我总能看到事情光明的一面。
5. 生活遭遇困难或陷入困境时，我知道在哪里能获得帮助。
6. 往日的情感纠葛妨碍我过我想要的生活。
7. 在制定计划时，我就可以肯定我能将自己的计划付诸行动。
8. 当因某事感到苦恼时，我会对事情透彻地思考和分析，找出关键的问题。
9. 我的生活常常会受到那些曾经让我很不开心的事情的影响。
10. 我能实现自己的许多目标，那是因为我非常勤奋和努力。
11. 我经常会想出多种多样的办法来解决自己所面临的问题。
12. 我觉得我的未来充满希望。
13. 一些人(如亲戚、朋友、领导或同事)会分担我的忧伤。
14. 我的付出决定了我今天的收获。
15. 我总是相信事情会向积极的方向发展。
16. 对曾经的过失，我总是难以原谅自己。
17. 身处逆境时，我通常会采取具体措施设法改变自己的处境。
18. 总的来说我是个积极向上的人。
19. 如果陷入困境，有许多人会向我伸出援手。
20. 我往往能够把握机遇获得成功。
21. 我会从不同角度看待让我苦恼的事情，以便对事情做出准确的判断。
22. 我很难向那些熟识的人倾诉苦恼。
23. 我的情感常常会纠结在一些过去的事情中。
24. 我难以接受那些无法解决的困苦。
25. 遭遇挫折时，我知道如何获得帮助。
26. 不管事情变得多么糟糕，我也相信总有一线希望。
27. 面对挑战，我足智多谋。
28. 艰难的日子会使我感到绝望。
29. 身陷无法摆脱的生活困境时，我会主动寻求外界帮助。
30. 面对各种压力时，我能审时度势及时调整或变更原订计划。

Items in English

1. I can overcome difficulties mainly because I am capable.
2. Past painful experiences make it hard for me to affirm the value of my life.
3. I can control my own life.
4. I can always see the bright side of things.
5. When faced with difficulties or in distress, I know where to seek help.
6. Past emotional entanglements hinder me from living the life I want.
7. When making plans, I can be sure that I will put my plans into action.
8. When troubled by something, I will thoroughly think and analyze the issue to identify the key problems.
9. My life is often affected by things that have made me unhappy in the past.
10. I can achieve many of my goals, which is because I am very hardworking and diligent.
11. I often come up with various ways to solve the problems I face.
12. I feel that my future is full of hope.
13. Some people (such as relatives, friends, leaders, or colleagues) share my sadness.
14. My efforts determine my gains today.
15. I always believe that things will turn for the better.
16. I always find it difficult to forgive myself for past mistakes.
17. In adversity, I usually take concrete steps to change my circumstances.
18. Overall, I am an optimistic person.
19. If I find myself in trouble, many people will reach out to help me.
20. I often can seize opportunities to achieve success.
21. I view troubling matters from different angles to make accurate judgments about them.
22. I find it difficult to confide my troubles to those I know well.
23. My emotions often get tangled up in past events.
24. I find it hard to accept the unsolvable hardships.
25. When facing setbacks, I know how to seek help.
26. No matter how bad things get, I believe there is always a glimmer of hope.
27. In the face of challenges, I am resourceful.
28. Hard days can make me feel hopeless.
29. When trapped in an unavoidable life predicament, I actively seek external help.
30. When faced with various pressures, I can assess the situation in a timely manner and adjust or change the original plan accordingly.

References

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